RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4201610.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-4-548-559HHATKBGINECOLOGYГИНЕКОЛОГИЯReview ArticleRisk factors for recurrence of vulvovaginal infectionsФакторы риска рецидивирования вульво-вагинальных инфекцийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-25723707-3561KolesnikovaEkaterina V.КолесниковаЕ. В.milka82@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0257-6732OsipovaLyudmila K.ОсиповаЛ. К.milka82@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-59595292-3261ZharovAlexander V.ЖаровА. В.milka82@list.ruKuban State Medical UniversityКубанский государственный медицинский университетRegional Clinical Hospital No. 2Краевая клиническая больница № 215122024284ONCOLOGYОНКОЛОГИЯ54855916122024Copyright ©; 2024, Kolesnikova E.V., Osipova L.K., Zharov A.V.Copyright ©; 2024, Колесникова Е.В., Осипова Л.К., Жаров А.В.2024Kolesnikova E.V., Osipova L.K., Zharov A.V.Колесникова Е.В., Осипова Л.К., Жаров А.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42016

Relevance. Currently, inflammatory and non-inflammatory infections of the lower urogenital tract are a serious medical problem and are one of the main reasons for seeking medical help from gynecologists. These infections account for a significant share (from 55 to 80 %) of diseases of the reproductive system. The most common symptoms of vulvovaginal infections (VVI) are discomfort in the genitals, discharge, itching, superficial dyspareunia and unpleasant odor. In addition to the main clinical signs of inflammation, there may be the symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis that occurs without obvious signs of inflammation. Thus, VVI is manifested by a wide range of clinical symptoms and is a collective term for several nosological entities. Conclusion. Despite the existence of various methods for diagnosing and treating VVI, the problem of recurrent vulvovaginal infections, which can lead to various pathological conditions both in the reproductive system and in the psychoemotional and sexual sphere of patients, remains extremely relevant and complex. These diseases require timely detection and effective treatment. Therefore, scientific research aimed at identifying the causes (risk factors) of relapse of the disease is becoming especially relevant today. However, even with the exclusion of general risk factors, the exacerbation of vaginal dysbiosis in patients is often impossible to prevent.

Актуальность. На сегодняшний день воспалительные и невоспалительные инфекции нижних отделов урогенитального тракта представляют серьезную медицинскую проблему и являются одной из ведущих причин обращения за медицинской помощью к гинекологам. Эти инфекции составляют значительную долю (от 55 до 80 %) среди заболеваний репродуктивной системы. Наиболее часто встречающимися симптомами вульво-­вагинальных инфекций (ВВИ) являются дискомфорт в области половых органов, выделения, зуд, поверхностная диспареуния и неприятный запах. Кроме основных клинических признаков воспаления при ВВИ может присутствовать картина дисбиоза влагалища, протекающая без явных признаков воспаления. Таким образом, ВВИ проявляются широким спектром клинических симптомов и являются собирательным понятием нескольких нозологических единиц. Выводы. Несмотря на существование большого количества методов диагностики и лечения ВВИ крайне актуальной и сложной остается проблема рецидивирующих вульво-­вагинальных инфекций, которые могут приводить к различным патологическим состояниям как в репродуктивной системе, так и в психоэмоциональной и сексуальной сфере пациенток. Эти состояния требуют своевременного выявления и эффективного лечения. Поэтому особую актуальность сегодня приобретает научный поиск, направленный на выявление причин (факторов риска) рецидивирования заболевания. Однако даже при исключении распространенных факторов риска часто не удается предотвратить обострение дисбиоза влагалища у пациенток.

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