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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42012</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-4-488-498</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GZKOCG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИСТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of β-amyloid and pTau in brain cortex depending on age and mental state</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распределение β-амилоида и pTau в коре головного мозга в зависимости от возраста и психиатрического статуса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-219X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6966-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sentyabreva</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сентябрева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-7009</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2242-0958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasyukova</surname><given-names>Olyesya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васюкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-2717</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3017-3328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorkina</surname><given-names>Yana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоркина</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-6343</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8864-3341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryuschenko</surname><given-names>Alisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрющенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3424-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>Georgy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5093-6232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5819-6159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremina</surname><given-names>Irina Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремина</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-1799</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5421-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyreva</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косырева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandraasentyabreva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алексеевская психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сеченовский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">ONCOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ОНКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>488</fpage><lpage>498</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Sentyabreva A.V., Vasyukova O.A., Zorkina Y.A., Andryuschenko A.V., Kostyuk G.P., Eremina I.Z., Kosyreva A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Сентябрева А.В., Васюкова О.А., Зоркина Я.А., Андрющенко А.В., Костюк Г.П., Еремина И.З., Косырева А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sentyabreva A.V., Vasyukova O.A., Zorkina Y.A., Andryuschenko A.V., Kostyuk G.P., Eremina I.Z., Kosyreva A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сентябрева А.В., Васюкова О.А., Зоркина Я.А., Андрющенко А.В., Костюк Г.П., Еремина И.З., Косырева А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42012">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42012</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most cause of disability and dementia, which is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. Diagnosis of AD includes detection of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) in the brain. However, in recent years the amyloid hypothesis of AD development has been criticized and revised, and a growing pool of data emerges indicating more complex pathogenetic mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in AD. The aim of our work was to evaluate the presence and distribution of amyloid plaques and pTau fragments in different regions of the cerebral cortex in patients &gt; 60 years old with diagnosed dementia and without cognitive impairment, as well as in people &lt; 60 years old. Materials and Methods. The amount of β-amyloid and pTau fragments in three groups of patients was measured on IHC stained histological sections in the regions of parahippocampal, temporal, and occipital cortex. Results and Discussion. Amyloid plaques were detected in all patients over 60 years of age (with and without dementia), while in younger individuals 60 years of age they were found in 66% of cases. The largest amyloid-β burden was observed in the occipital cortex. pTau was detected in all cortical areas in the three groups of patients. Also, the amount of pTau was higher in the occipital cortex in patients over 60 years of age both with and without dementia than in the group of people under 60 years of age. Conclusion. Thus, accumulation of pTau occurs earlier than β-amyloid. The amount of pTau was higher in patients over 60 years of age with clinically manifested dementia, while in some regions the amount of amyloid conglomerates is higher in cognitively intact patients. The findings point to much more complex mechanisms of the neurodegenerative diseases development with the formation of amyloid plaques being a consequence rather than cause of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность . Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) является одной из наиболее распространенных причин инвалидности и основной причиной развития деменции и находится на 7-м месте среди ведущих причин смерти во всем мире. Диагностика БА включает определение амилоидных бляшек и гиперфосфорилированного тау-протеина (pTau) в головном мозге. Однако в последние годы амилоидная гипотеза развития БА подвергается критике и пересмотру, и появляется все больше данных, свидетельствующих о более сложных патогенетических механизмах, приводящих к нейродегенерации при БА. Целью нашей работы было оценить присутствие и распределением амилоидных бляшек и фрагментов pTau в разных регионах коры головного мозга у пациентов &gt;60 лет с диагностированной деменцией и без когнитивных нарушений, а также у людей &lt;60 лет. Материалы и методы. На иммуногистохимически окрашенных гистологических срезах в зонах парагиппокампальной, височной и затылочной коры оценивали количество β-амилоида и фрагментов pTau в трех группах пациентов с БА. Результаты и обсуждение . Амилоидные бляшки выявлялись у всех пациентов старше 60 лет (с и без деменции), тогда как у лиц младше 60 лет они встречались в 66 % случаев. Причем наибольшая плотность β-амилоида наблюдалась в затылочной зоне коры. pTau обнаруживался во всех зонах коры у трех группах пациентов, однако в затылочной зоне коры у пациентов старше 60 лет с и без деменции количество pTau было значимо выше, чем в группе лиц младше 60 лет. Выводы. Таким образом, накопление pTau происходит раньше, чем β-амилоида. Кроме того, количество pTau выше у пациентов старше 60 лет с манифестировавшей деменцией, тогда как в некоторых регионах коры количество конгломератов амилоида выше у когнитивно сохранных пожилых пациентов. Полученные данные указывают на более сложный механизм развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний, при которых образование амилоидных бляшек может являться следствием, а не причиной заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>β-amyloid</kwd><kwd>tau-protein</kwd><kwd>age-related diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>β-амилоид</kwd><kwd>тау-белок</kwd><kwd>возрастные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of State assignments of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: Numbers of state registration of research, development, and technological work for civil purposes — 122030200530-6 and 123031600063-1.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственных заданий Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации НИОКТР № 122030200530-6 и 123031600063-1.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>The top 10 causes of death. 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