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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42010</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-4-452-465</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GTLLVX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular-biologic and immunohistochemical features of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-биологические и иммуногистохимические особенности недифференцированных плеоморфных сарком</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-1799</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5421-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyreva</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косырева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-0433</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1780-5326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jumaniyazova</surname><given-names>Enar D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джуманиязова</surname><given-names>Э. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-7160</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3660-5827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhalilova</surname><given-names>Dzhuliia Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джалилова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-219X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6966-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sentyabreva</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сентябрева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-958X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2436-4104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnichenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошниченко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-9883</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6890-8393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisov</surname><given-names>Timur I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2307</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4521-2250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokhonina</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лохонина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">ONCOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ОНКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>452</fpage><lpage>465</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Kosyreva A.M., Jumaniyazova E.D., Dzhalilova D.S., Sentyabreva A.V., Miroshnichenko E.A., Fetisov T.I., Lokhonina A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Косырева А.М., Джуманиязова Э.Д., Джалилова Д.Ш., Сентябрева А.В., Мирошниченко Е.А., Фетисов Т.И., Лохонина А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kosyreva A.M., Jumaniyazova E.D., Dzhalilova D.S., Sentyabreva A.V., Miroshnichenko E.A., Fetisov T.I., Lokhonina A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Косырева А.М., Джуманиязова Э.Д., Джалилова Д.Ш., Сентябрева А.В., Мирошниченко Е.А., Фетисов Т.И., Лохонина А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42010">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42010</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Relevance<bold>.</bold></italic> Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is one of the most common subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas. The polymorphism of tumor cells and high degree of malignancy account for the aggressive potential of UPS. Due to the rarity of occurrence and high heterogeneity of UPS, the number of studies describing the cellular composition and molecular-­biological characteristics is very limited. Objective is to assess the cellular composition and gene expression of UPS. <italic>Materials and Methods.</italic> Biomaterial from 10 patients with UPS was analyzed in the study. In this study we used primary antibodies to CD163 (marker of M2 macrophages) and Fibroblast activation protein (FAP — marker of fibroblasts) and secondary Caprine-­Anti-­Rabbit IgG HRP were used. HRP-tagged secondary antibodies were manifested using DAB. Antibodies for automated BOND-III IHC stainer were used to evaluate the microenvironment: CD68‑marker of macrophages, CD19‑marker of B-lymphocytes, CD56‑marker of neuroendocrine tumors, metastasis protein, Ki67 antigen-­proliferation marker, Bcl‑2‑oncoprotein. Staining on an automated BOND-III IHC stainer was performed according to standard protocols. In homogenized samples of tumor tissue and peritumoral area with the number of cells 10<sup>6</sup>/ml in order to assess the microenvironment of the tumor and surrounding tissue, cytofluorimetric study of the relative number of CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes, CD68+ macrophages, CD86+ M1 macrophages, CD163+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages, CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes and CD45+ leukocytes was performed on the MACS Quant Analyzer device. The mRNA expression levels of <italic>HIF1A, VEGF, MMP2, ARG1</italic>, <italic>NOS2</italic>, and <italic>EGFR</italic> were determined in tumor tissue and peritumoral samples by PCR. The RNA Solo RNA kit was used for RNA isolation, and the MMLV RT Kit was used for reverse transcription. The amplification reaction with real-time detection was performed on a DTprime Real-­Time Amplifier. <italic>Results and Discussion.</italic> The expression of CD56, FAP, CD68 is characteristic for UPS. Among the cells of the microenvironment, macrophages and CD16‑monocytes predominate in UPS. <italic>EGFR</italic> expression level is increased in tumor cells of the UPS compared to the peritumoral region. The expression levels of <italic>ARG1, NOS2, HIF1A, VEGF,</italic> and <italic>MMP2</italic> in tumors have individual differences and are not specific to the UPS. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> In our study, we analyzed the cellular composition and gene expression in UPS samples. Further follow-up of patients is necessary to evaluate the clinical significance of each marker.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Актуальность.</italic> Недифференцированная плеоморфная саркома (НПС) является одним из наиболее распространенных подтипов сарком мягких тканей. Полиморфизм опухолевых клеток и высокая степень злокачественности обуславливают агрессивный потенциал НПС. В связи с редкостью встречаемости и высокой гетерогенностью НПС количество исследований, описывающих клеточный состав и молекулярно-­биологические характеристики, весьма ограничено. <italic>Цель работы <bold>—</bold></italic> оценка клеточного состава и экспрессии генов НПС. <italic>Материалы и методы. </italic>В исследовании проанализировали биоматериал от 10 пациентов с НПС. В исследовании использовали первичные антитела к CD163 (маркер М2 макрофагов) и Fibroblast activation protein (FAP — маркер фибробластов) и вторичные Caprine-­Anti-­Rabbit IgG HRP. HRP-метки вторичных антител проявляли с помощью DAB. Для оценки микроокружения использовали антитела для автоматизированного ИГХ стейнера BOND-III: CD68‑маркер макрофагов, CD19‑маркер В-лимфоцитов, CD56‑маркер нейроэндокринных опухолей, белок метастазирования, Ki67 антигену-­маркер пролиферации, Bcl‑2‑онкопротеину. Окрашивание на автоматизированном ИГХ стейнере BOND-III проводили по стандартным протоколам. В гомогенизированных образцах опухолевой ткани и перитуморальной области с количеством клеток 10<sup>6</sup>/мл с целью оценки микроокружения опухоли и окружающей ткани проводили цитофлуориметрическое исследование относительного количества CD14+ и CD16+ моноцитов, CD68+ макрофагов, CD86+ M1 макрофагов, CD163+ и CD206+ M2 макрофагов, CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов хелперов и CD45+ лейкоцитов на приборе MACSQuant Analyzer. Методом ПЦР в образцах опухолевой ткани и перитуморальной области определяли уровни экспрессии мРНК <italic>HIF1A, VEGF, MMP2, ARG1, NOS2, и EGFR. </italic>Для выделения РНК использовали набор RNA Solo, а для обратной транскрипции — MMLV RT Kit. Реакцию амплификации с детектированием в режиме реального времени проводили на Real-­Time амплификаторе DTprime. <italic>Результаты и обсуждение.</italic> Для НПС характерна экспрессия CD56, FAP, CD68. Среди клеток микроокружения в НПС преобладают макрофаги и CD16‑моноциты. В опухолевых клетках НПС увеличен уровень экспрессии <italic>EGFR </italic>по сравнению с перитуморальной областью. Уровни экспрессии <italic>ARG1, NOS2, HIF1A, VEGF</italic> и <italic>MMP2 </italic>в опухолях<italic> </italic>имеют индивидуальные различия и не являются специфическими для НПС. <italic>Выводы.</italic> В ходе исследования были проанализированы клеточный состав и экспрессия генов в образцах НПС. Для оценки клинической значимости каждого из маркеров необходимо дальнейшее наблюдение за пациентами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soft tissue sarcomas</kwd><kwd>undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>cellular composition</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркомы мягких тканей</kwd><kwd>недифференцированные плеоморфные саркомы</kwd><kwd>микроокружениеопухоли</kwd><kwd>клеточный состав</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-65-00003). This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1356 dated 7.10.2021 (RF identifier 0951.61321X0012, No. 15.SIN.21.0011)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 23-65-00003). Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2021-1356 от 7.10.2021 (идентификатор РФ 0951.61321X0012, № 15.CИН.21.0011).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17—48. doi:10.3322/caac.21763</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Fuchs JW, Schulte BC, Fuchs JR, Agulnik M. Targeted therapies for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. 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