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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-4-427-438</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GNCAUM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chemotherapy-induced developmental trajectories of monocytes in breast cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменение траекторий развития моноцитов под действием химиотерапии у больных раком молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-0092</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7900-9700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerashchenko</surname><given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геращенко</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-7576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5714-4611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patysheva</surname><given-names>Marina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патышева</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1680</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8092-0070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorenko</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-2314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Anastasia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-5342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrikova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вострикова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-7758</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7961-5918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragina</surname><given-names>Olga D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагина</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-2535</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1315-8100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-6093</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9624-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iamshchikov</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ямщиков</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-9755</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9498-5797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t_gerashchenko@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">ONCOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ОНКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>427</fpage><lpage>438</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Gerashchenko T.S., Patysheva M.R., Fedorenko A.A., Filatova A.P., Vostrikova M.A., Bragina O.D., Fedorov A.A., Iamshchikov P.S., Denisov E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Геращенко Т.С., Патышева М.Р., Федоренко А.А., Филатова А.П., Вострикова М.А., Брагина О.Д., Федоров А.А., Ямщиков П.С., Денисов Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerashchenko T.S., Patysheva M.R., Fedorenko A.A., Filatova A.P., Vostrikova M.A., Bragina O.D., Fedorov A.A., Iamshchikov P.S., Denisov E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Геращенко Т.С., Патышева М.Р., Федоренко А.А., Филатова А.П., Вострикова М.А., Брагина О.Д., Федоров А.А., Ямщиков П.С., Денисов Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42008">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/42008</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance . Monocytes are circulating immune cells which are traditionally divided into three subsets. The contribution of each subset to breast cancer pathogenesis is controversial. Moreover, there is no data regarding the programming of monocyte subsets towards antitumor activity induced by chemotherapy. Aim . To study the trajectories of monocyte subsets and transcriptomic changes in blood monocytes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and Methods . Mononuclear cells were purified from the peripheral blood of nine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients before NAC and on the 3rd and 21st day after the first NAC cycle (AC regimen). Total cell concentration and viability (Calcein/DRAQ7) were assessed by flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on a Genolab M platform (GeneMind Biosciences) using the 10x Genomics technology for fixed samples. Data were analyzed using Seurat, SingleR, and the dynverse R package for trajectories. Results and Discussion . The trajectory analysis indicated that monocytes were clustered into three subsets: classical, non-classical, and intermediate. Classical monocytes were characterized by high expression of CD14 , CSF3R , S100A8 , S100A9 , VCAN , LYZ , SELL , and GRN genes, whereas non-classical monocytes expressed FCGR3A , MTSS1 , TCF7L2 , CSF1R , SPN , EVL , and LYN . The developmental trajectories of monocytes were significantly affected by chemotherapy. Transcriptionally, classical monocytes were subdivided into two clusters: one characterized by proliferative signals and the other by stress signals. By day 21st after NAC, developmental trajectories of monocytes and their subset composition were observed to recover. Chemotherapy promoted the pro-inflammatory activity of monocytes. Conclusion . Peripheral blood monocytes of TNBC patients are capable of recovering their subset composition after NAC by the 21st day after the first cycle of chemotherapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Моноциты - циркулирующие иммунные клетки, которые традиционно делятся на три субпопуляции. Вклад каждой субпопуляции в патогенез рака молочной железы до сих пор остается противоречивым. Кроме того, отсутствуют данные о программировании субпопуляций моноцитов в сторону противоопухолевой активности по действием химиотерапии. Цель. Изучить траектории развития субпопуляций моноцитов крови и их транскриптомные изменения в ходе неоадъювантной химиотерапии (НАХТ). Материалы и методы. Мононуклеарные клетки были получены из периферической крови девяти пациенток с трижды негативным раком молочной железы (TNBC) до начала НАХТ, на 3-й и 21-й день после первого цикла неоадъювантной химиотерапии (режим AC). Концентрация и жизнеспособность клеток (Calcein/DRAQ7) была оценена методом проточной цитометрии. Секвенирование РНК единичных клеток проводили на платформе Genolab M (GeneMind Biosciences) с использованием технологии 10x Genomics для фиксированных образцов. Данные были проанализированы с помощью Seurat, SingleR и пакета dynverse R для определения траекторий развития. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ траекторий развития показал, что моноциты группируются в три субпопуляции: классические, неклассические и промежуточные. Классические моноциты характеризуются высокой экспрессией генов CD14 , CSF3R , S100A8 , S100A9 , VCAN , LYZ , SELL и GRN , тогда как неклассические экспрессировали FCGR3A , MTSS1 , TCF7L2 , CSF1R , SPN , EVL и LYN гены. Химиотерапия существенно влияет на траектории развития моноцитов. На основании транскриптомного анализа установлено, что субпопуляция классических моноцитов подразделяется на два кластера: один характеризуется активацией сигнальных путей пролиферации, другой - активацией стрессовых сигналов, связанных с активацией апоптоза, снижением клеточной пролиферации и подвижности. К 21-му дню после неоадъювантной химиотерапии наблюдается восстановление траекторий развития моноцитов и их субпопуляционного состава. Химиотерапия способствует повышению провоспалительной активности моноцитов. Выводы. Моноциты периферической крови больных ТНРМЖ способны восстанавливать свой субпопуляционный состав к 21-му дню после первого цикла химиотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>single-cell RNA seq (scRNA seq)</kwd><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>developmental trajectories</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>секвенирование РНК единичных клеток (scRNA seq)</kwd><kwd>моноциты</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>траектории развития</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This project was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 22–75–10128.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данный проект был поддержан Российским Научным Фондом, грант № 22–75–10128.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Guilliams M, Mildner A, Yona S. 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