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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39720</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-1-265-281</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZRPYXI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunopathogenic features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome as criteria for early immunodiagnostics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунопатогенетические особенности геморрагической лихорадки с почечным синдромом как критерии ранней иммунодиагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2528-0091</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2195-3768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Michail F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.f.ivanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2419</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8025-8611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balmasova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балмасова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.f.ivanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-3076</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8207-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.f.ivanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3061-8265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.f.ivanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical Uniiversity</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medcine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Reaviz Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CARDIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Ivanov M.F., Balmasova I.P., Malova E.S., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Иванов М.Ф., Балмасова И.П., Малова Е.С., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov M.F., Balmasova I.P., Malova E.S., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов М.Ф., Балмасова И.П., Малова Е.С., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/39720">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/39720</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a natural focal viral infection with a high probability of severe course, the possibility of death, a long recovery period after infection, low effectiveness of therapy and vaccine prevention. In the Russian Federation, HFRS is most often caused by the Puumala orthohantavirus. The aim of the study — to evaluate the immunophenotypic composition of lymphocytes and cytokine profile in the blood of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in comparison with acute respiratory viral infections and with the prospect of developing immunological criteria for early diagnosis of HFRS. <italic>Matherials and Methods. </italic>There were examined the blood of 24 patients with a verified diagnosis of HFRS who were hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the Samara Medical University Clinics and admitted in the first days of the disease, 18 patients with acute respiratory viral infections of established etiology, as well as 15 healthy people. <italic>Results and Discussion.</italic><bold> </bold>Analysis of the results of lymphocyte phenotyping and cytokine levels in the blood revealed that the percentage of B lymphocytes in the blood was &gt;12.6 %, cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes expressing the activating lectin receptor NKG2D (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>CD314<sup>+</sup>), &gt;25 %, regulatory T cells with CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> phenotypes &gt;7.8 % and CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> &gt;9.5 %, as well as IL-6 &gt;24 pg/ml, TNFß &gt;55 pg/ml, IL-10 &lt;11.3 pg/ml with high diagnostic significance, judging by the results of ROC analysis, indicates in favor of GLPS, but not ARVI. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> The results obtained can be used as criteria for early immunodiagnosis of HFRS. The development of a new hypothesis on the mechanism of CD8<sup>+  </sup>immunological memory formation may contribute to the discovery of new potential targets for HFRS immunotherapy and the creation of new principles for the production of vaccine preparations for the prevention of this disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;"><italic>Актуальность.<bold> </bold></italic>Геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом (ГЛПС) — природно-о чаговая вирусная инфекция с высокой вероятностью тяжелого течения, возможностью летального исхода, длительностью периода восстановления после инфекции, низкой эффективностью терапии и вакцинопрофилактики. На территории Российской Федерации ГЛПС чаще всего вызывается ортохантавирусом Пуумала. <italic>Цель исследования</italic>. Оценка иммунофенотипического состава лимфоцитов и цитокинового профиля в крови пациентов с геморрагической лихорадкой с почечным синдромом в сравнении с острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями и с перспективой разработки иммунологических критериев для ранней диагностики ГЛПС. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Исследованию подвергалась кровь 24 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом ГЛПС, находившихся на стационарном лечении в инфекционном отделении клиник Самарского медицинского университета и поступивших в первые дни заболевания, 18 пациентов с ОРВИ установленной этиологии, а также 15 здоровых людей.<italic> Результаты и обсуждение.</italic><bold> </bold>Анализ результатов фенотипирования лимфоцитов и уровня цитокинов в крови позволил установить, что процентное содержание в крови В-лимфоцитов &gt;12,6 %, цитотоксических CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих активирующий лектиновый рецептор NKG2D (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>CD314<sup>+</sup>), &gt;25 %, регуляторных Т-клеток с фенотипами CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> &gt;7,8 % и CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> &gt;9,5 %, а также ИЛ-6 &gt;24 пг/мл, ФНОβ &gt;55 пг/мл, ИЛ-10 &lt;11,3 пг/мл с высокой диагностической значимостью, судя по результатам ROC-анализа, свидетельствует в пользу ГЛПС, но не ОРВИ. Сопоставление результатов исследования с данными литературы подтвердило оригинальность полученных данных по фенотипированию лимфоцитов и позволило развить гипотезу об иммунопатогенетическом значении наблюдаемых отклонений как неизвестном ранее механизме формирования CD8+ иммунологической памяти. <italic>Выводы</italic>.<bold> </bold>Полученные результаты могут использоваться в качестве критериев ранней иммунодиагностики ГЛПС. Развитие новой гипотезы по механизму формирования CD8<sup>+</sup> иммунологической памяти может способствовать раскрытию новых потенциальных мишеней для иммунотерапии ГЛПС и созданию новых принципов получения вакцинных препаратов с целью профилактики этого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome</kwd><kwd>immunopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>early immunodiagnostics</kwd><kwd>immunophenotypes of lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом</kwd><kwd>иммунопатогенез</kwd><kwd>ранняя иммунодиагностика</kwd><kwd>иммунофенотипы лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodina ZhI, Tsarenko OE, Monakhov KM, Bagautdinova LI. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome - a problem of modernity. 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