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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">38302</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-1-114-122</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VWJQPU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spleen white pulp structural and cellular composition  in experimental furosemide-­induced hypomagnesemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурно-­клеточный состав белой пульпы селезенки при экспериментальной фуросемид-­индуцированной гипомагниемии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-5353</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9437-0083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mig05@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-6825</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7291-0160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchkova</surname><given-names>Natalya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mig05@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-5882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4072-0220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormilina</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормилина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mig05@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-4343</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4421-9206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pazinenko</surname><given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пазиненко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mig05@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">DENTISTRY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Smetanina M.V., Chuchkova N.N., Kormilina N.V., Pazinenko K.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Сметанина М.В., Чучкова Н.Н., Кормилина Н.В., Пазиненко К.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smetanina M.V., Chuchkova N.N., Kormilina N.V., Pazinenko K.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сметанина М.В., Чучкова Н.Н., Кормилина Н.В., Пазиненко К.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/38302">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/38302</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. Magnesium deficiency in the blood (hypomagnesemia) is due to many reasons, among which loop diuretics (furosemide) occupy a certain place. The role of the spleen in this process has not been determined. The aim of the work was to elucidate the effect of furosemide-­induced hypomagnesemia on the immune structures of the white pulp of rat spleen. Materials and Methods. Furosemide (Lasix® Aventis Pharma Ltd, India) was injected daily intraperitoneally at a dose of 30 mg/kg to the experimental group of white outbred rats for 6 days, animals of the control group received an injection of 0.9% NaCl. Investigated: blood serum for the content of magnesium, calcium, sodium and iron; serial sections of the white pulp of the spleen after staining with hematoxylin and eosin to assess the structure and azure-­II-eosin to assess the cellular composition. With a microscope magnification of 280 times, the ratio (in %) of primary (PLNS) and secondary lymphoid nodules of the spleen (SLNS) was calculated, the following were measured (µm): the diameter of the germinal center (GC), the width of the mantle and marginal zone, the diameter of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS). In GC, the peripheral zone of lymphoid nodules, PALS at a magnification of 1500 times per field of view (100 μm2) was counted and presented as a percentage of the number of lymphocytes; macrophages; cells, mitotic and apoptotic elements. Morphometric analysis was carried out using Image ProPlus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, USA). Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package with the determination of the arithmetic mean (M) and its error (m). Results and Discussion. The administration of furosemide led to a decrease in magnesium in the blood serum by 1.6 times (p &lt; 0.05). In the white pulp of the spleen of animals of the experimental group, the proportion of SLNS decreased by 18.14%, the number of SLNS increased by 42.5% (p &lt; 0.05). The diameter of SLNS increased insignificantly, the diameter of GC and the width of the marginal zone significantly increased by 27.1 and 24.8%, respectively. The proportion of macrophages increased by 20.6% in GC SLNS, and by 17.0% in PALS. The highest increase in the proportion of cells with signs of apoptosis was found in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath of experimental animals - 34.6% (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. Furosemide loading causes the development of dyselementosis, with the most significant loss of magnesium (hypomagnesemia) and has a pronounced effect on the immune parameters of the spleen, represented by white pulp structures. Therefore, correction of the elemental status and monitoring of the state of the spleen in hypomagnesemia caused by the use of loop diuretics is a necessary element in the prevention of complications associated with the use of diuretic drugs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность. Дефицит магния в крови (гипомагниемия) обусловлен множеством причин, среди которых важное место занимают петлевые диуретики (фуросемид). Роль селезенки в этом процессе не определена. Цель работы состояла в выяснении влияния фуросемид-­индуцированной гипомагниемии на иммунные структуры белой пульпы селезенки крыс. Материалы и методы. Опытной группе белых беспородных крыс в течение 6 дней ежедневно внутрибрюшинно в дозе 30 мг/кг вводили фуросемид (Lasix® Авентис Фарма Лтд, Индия), животные контрольной группы получали инъекцию 0,9% NaCl. Исследовали: сыворотку крови на содержание магния, кальция, натрия и железа; серийные срезы белой пульпы селезенки после окраски гематоксилином и эозином для оценки структуры и азур-­II-эозином для оценки клеточного состава. При 280-кратном увеличении микроскопа подсчитывали соотношение (в %) первичных (ПЛУС) и вторичных лимфоидных узелков селезенки (ВЛУС), измеряли (мкм): диаметр герминативного центра (ГЦ), ширину мантийной и маргинальной зоны, диаметр периартериолярной лимфоидной муфты (ПАЛМ). В ГЦ, периферической зоне лимфоидных узелков, ПАЛМ при увеличении 1500 крат в расчете на поле зрения (100 мкм2) подсчитывали и представляли в процентах количество лимфоцитов; макрофагов; клеток, митотических и апоптотических элементов. Морфометрический анализ осуществлялся при помощи программ Image ProPlus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, США). Статистическая обработка осуществлялась при помощи пакета программ Statistica 10.0 c определением средней арифметической (М) и ее ошибки (m). Результаты и обсуждение. Введение фуросемида привело к снижению магния в сыворотке крови в 1,6 раз (р &lt; 0,05). В белой пульпе селезенки животных опытной группы снижалась доля ПЛУС на 18,14%, увеличивалось количество ВЛУС на 42,5% (р &lt; 0,05). Диаметр ВЛУС незначимо возрастал, диаметр ГЦ и ширина маргинальной зоны достоверно увеличивались на 27,1 и 24,8%, соответственно. В ГЦ ВЛУС увеличивалась доля макрофагов на 20,6%, в составе ПАЛМ - на 17,0%. Наиболее высокий прирост доли клеток с признаками апоптоза был обнаружен в периартериолярной лимфоидной муфте экспериментальных животных - 34,6% (р &lt; 0,05). Выводы. Нагрузка фуросемидом обусловливает развитие биоэлементоза, с наиболее значимой потерей магния (гипомагниемией) и оказывает выраженное влияние на иммунные параметры селезенки, представленные структурами белой пульпы. Следовательно, коррекция элементного статуса и мониторинг состояния селезенки при гипомагниемии, вызванной применением петлевых диуретиков, являются необходимым элементом в предупреждении осложнений, связанных с использованием мочегонных препаратов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>furosemide-induced hypomagnesemia</kwd><kwd>diuretics</kwd><kwd>white pulp of the spleen</kwd><kwd>cellular composition of the spleen</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фуросемид-индуцированная гипомагниемия</kwd><kwd>диуретик</kwd><kwd>белая пульпа селезенки</kwd><kwd>клеточный состав селезенки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review. 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