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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37173</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-4-470-482</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IUGAPQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of Regulation Allergic and Autoimmune Reactions by Bacterial Origin Bioregulators</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Механизмы регуляции аллергических и аутоиммунных реакций биорегуляторами бактериального происхождения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-2462</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6722-8695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guryanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьянова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2254-6932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sigmatulin</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сигматулин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-0727</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6541-3241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gigani</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гигани</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipkina</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липкина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>470</fpage><lpage>482</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Guryanova S.V., Sigmatulin I.A., Gigani O.O., Lipkina S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Гурьянова С.В., Сигматулин И.А., Гигани О.О., Липкина С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guryanova S.V., Sigmatulin I.A., Gigani O.O., Lipkina S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гурьянова С.В., Сигматулин И.А., Гигани О.О., Липкина С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/37173">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/37173</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. The increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases observed in recent decades highlights the need for therapy and prevention, which requires detailed research into the mechanisms of their occurrence. The onset and progression of allergic and autoimmune diseases are influenced by genetic predisposition, lifestyle, environmental factors, and disruptions in the coordinated operation of the immune system, and as a consequence of immune homeostasis. Treatment of these diseases is primarily symptomatic and often accompanied by undesirable side effects. Immune system disorders in various pathologies have their own characteristics for each type of disease, and at the same time have common mechanisms. Considering the presence of a large number of various microorganisms in the human body, taking their influence into account is of paramount importance. Microorganisms are a source of biologically active molecules, the action of which can either prevent and reduce the severity of the disease or exacerbate it. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytokine profile of the effects of fragments of cell walls of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria - lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl peptide (MP), as well as nisin - an antimicrobial peptide of bacterial origin on human mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods. Mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers using Cell separation media Lympholyte CL 5015, and were cultured in the presence of LPS, GMDP and bacteriocin nisin. The cytokine activity of LPS, GMDP and bacteriocin nisin was examined using the multiplex cytokine analysis; the analysis of surface markers was determined flow cytometry. Results and Discussion. It was shown that bacterial cell wall fragments to a much greater extent than nisin induce the production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It was established that LPS and MP increase the expression of CD11c on dendritic cells, while bacteriocin nisin does not affect the increase of CD11c+ DCs. LPS and MP in the conducted ex vivo studies did not affect the emergence of CCR7. Conclusion. Bacterial origin bioregulators trigger a negative feedback mechanism by inducing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory factors, that can prevent the inflammatory process. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the influence of bacterial origin bioregulators on the human body opens new approaches in the prevention and development of personalized therapy strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность. Рост аллергических и аутоиммунных заболеваний, наблюдающийся в последние десятилетия, актуализирует задачу терапии и профилактики их возникновения, что требует детальных исследований механизмов их появления. На возникновение и прогрессирование аллергических и аутоиммунных заболеваний влияют генетическая предрасположенность, образ жизни, факторы окружающей среды, нарушения согласованной работы иммунной системы и, как следствие, иммунного гомеостаза. Лечение этих заболеваний преимущественно симптоматическое и часто сопровождается нежелательными побочными эффектами. Нарушения иммунной системы при различных патологиях имеют свои особенности для каждого вида заболевания и в то же время имеют общие механизмы. Учитывая наличие в организме человека большого количества различных микроорганизмов, учет их влияния имеет первостепенное значение. Микроорганизмы являются источником биологически активных молекул, действие которых может как предотвратить и уменьшить тяжесть заболевания, так и усугубить его. Целью настоящего исследования был анализ цитокинового профиля действия фрагментов клеточных стенок грамотрицательных и грамположительных бактерий - липополисахарида (ЛПС) и мурамилпептида (МП), а также низина - антимикробного пептида бактериальной природы. происхождения на мононуклеарных клетках человека. Материалы и методы. Мононуклеарные клетки получали из периферической крови здоровых добровольцев с использованием среды для разделения клеток Lympholyte CL 5015 и культивировали в присутствии ЛПС, ГМДП и бактериоцина низина. Цитокиновую активность ЛПС, ГМДП и бактериоциннизина исследовали с помощью мультиплексного цитокинового анализа; анализ поверхностных маркеров определяли проточной цитометрией. Результаты и обсуждение. Показано, что фрагменты клеточной стенки бактерий в значительно большей степени, чем низин, индуцируют продукцию цитокинов, хемокинов и факторов роста. Установлено, что ЛПС и МП повышают экспрессию CD11c на дендритных клетках, тогда как бактериоцин низин не влияет на увеличение CD11c+ ДК. ЛПС и МП в проведенных исследованиях ex vivo не влияли на появление CCR7. Выводы. Биорегуляторы бактериального происхождения запускают механизм отрицательной обратной связи, индуцируя синтез противовоспалительных факторов, способных предотвратить воспалительный процесс. Понимание молекулярных механизмов влияния биорегуляторов бактериального происхождения на организм человека открывает новые подходы в профилактике и разработке стратегий персонализированной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>immune homeostasis</kwd><kwd>allergy</kwd><kwd>autoimmunity</kwd><kwd>tolerance</kwd><kwd>LPS</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd><kwd>glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide</kwd><kwd>muramyl peptide</kwd><kwd>nisin</kwd><kwd>inflammation regulation</kwd><kwd>bacterial origin bioregulators</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>иммунный гомеостаз</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунитет</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd><kwd>ЛПС</kwd><kwd>липополисахарид</kwd><kwd>глюкозаминилмурамилдипептид</kwd><kwd>мурамилпептид</kwd><kwd>низин</kwd><kwd>регуляция воспаления</kwd><kwd>биорегуляторы бактериального происхождения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства РУДН.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Soyer OU, Akdis M, Ring J, Behrendt H, Crameri R, Lauener R, Akdis, CA. 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