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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37167</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-4-411-418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CSWYMC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">History of aviation physiology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>История авиационной физиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5495-7922</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5283-5396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikov</surname><given-names>Egor K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенников</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7466-3651</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7369-2925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikova</surname><given-names>Inna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенникова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-4395</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8681-6985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotyalova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-1254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9170-4604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotyalov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>411</fpage><lpage>418</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Grebennikov E.K., Grebennikova I.N., Subotyalova A.M., Subotyalov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Гребенников Е.К., Гребенникова И.Н., Суботялова А.М., Суботялов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebennikov E.K., Grebennikova I.N., Subotyalova A.M., Subotyalov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенников Е.К., Гребенникова И.Н., Суботялова А.М., Суботялов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/37167">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/37167</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. In studying the history of medical and biological disciplines, an important part is the identification of the stages of their formation and development. In this regard, it seems important to make a historical and scientific analytical review of the development of ideas about aviation physiology, covering different stages of the history of science and reflecting the contribution of researchers from different regions. It will be useful for teaching historical and scientific and special disciplines, as well as for researchers involved in the study of aviation physiology. The need to understand how the human body functions in flight arose along with the development of aeronautics. The study is devoted to the analysis of the main stages in the development of aviation physiology. The purpose of the study - to characterize the stages of formation and development of aviation physiology. Research methods. In preparing this publication, articles in publications included in the RSCI, PubMed, and Scopus were mainly used. Preference was given to materials published in the last 15 years. The main results present the stages of development of aviation physiology with a description of the contribution of the main researchers in this field. The achievements of domestic scientists, doctors, physiologists I.M. Sechenov, L.A. Orbeli, G.M. Zarakovsky are analyzed, their scientific priorities in the development of this scientific direction are presented. The process of formation and development of aviation physiology as a direction of biomedical knowledge is presented. Before the advent of aviation (19th century), hypoxia was studied in the study of balloon flights. With the advent of high-speed and maneuverable aircraft, aviation physiology began to study the body’s response to overloads caused by highly maneuverable flights. Conclusion . The development of aviation physiology can be divided into two stages. 1. Pre-aviation, within which the emergence of this area of medico-biological knowledge takes place. 2. Aviation, at this stage scientists have the opportunity to study different multidirectional overloads and their effect on the human body. Currently, aviation physiology is one of the important branches of physiology, aviation and space medicine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность. В изучении истории медицинских и биологических дисциплин важную часть составляет выявление этапов их становления и развития. В связи с этим представляется важным сделать историко-научный аналитический обзор развития представлений об авиационной физиологии, охватывающий разные этапы истории науки и отражающий вклад исследователей разных регионов, который будет полезным для преподавания историко-научных и специальных дисциплин, а также для исследователей, занимающихся изучением авиационной физиологии. Необходимость понимания того, как функционирует организм человека в полете, возникла вместе с развитием воздухоплавания. Статья посвящена анализу основных этапов развития авиационной физиологии. Цель исследования - дать характеристику этапам становления и развития авиационной физиологии. Методы исследования. При подготовке настоящей публикации использовались преимущественно статьи в изданиях, включенных в РИНЦ, PubMed, Scopus. Предпочтение было отдано материалам, опубликованным в последние 15 лет. Основные результаты заключаются в представлении этапов развития авиационной физиологии с описанием вклада основных исследователей в этой области. Проанализированы достижения отечественных учёных, врачей, физиологов И.М. Сеченова, Л.А. Орбели, Г.М. Зараковского, представлены их научные приоритеты в развитии данного научного направления. В заключении представлен вывод о процессе становления и развития авиационной физиологии как направления медико-биологических знаний. До появления авиации (XIX век) происходило исследование гипоксии при изучении полетов на воздушных шарах. С появлением скоростных и маневренных самолетов авиационная физиология начала изучать реакцию организма на перегрузки, вызванные высокоманевренными полетами. Выводы . В развитии авиационной физиологии можно условно выделить два этапа. 1. Доавиационный, в рамках которого происходит зарождение этой области медико-биологических знаний.Авиационный, на данном этапе у ученых появилась возможность исследовать множественные и разнонаправленные перегрузки и влияние их на организм человека. В настоящее время авиационная физиология является одним из важных разделов физиологии, а также авиационной и космической медицины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of science</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>history of physiology</kwd><kwd>aviation physiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история науки</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>история физиологии</kwd><kwd>авиационная физиология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marotte H. 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