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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35099</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-2-218-227</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CQHEMZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pediatrics</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Педиатрия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Iron deficiency conditions prediction and prevention in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогнозирование и профилактика железодефицитных состояний у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-4569</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7606-2863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyenko</surname><given-names>Lydia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильенко</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-8788</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8121-5264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4515-6185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gureev</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуреев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4437-7100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8352-3793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semashina</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семашина</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1555-7858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obelchak</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обельчак</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6588-9025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1971-7426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnaya</surname><given-names>Julia Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурная</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>2891photina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Vinogradov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница имени В.В. Виноградова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ</issue-title><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ilyenko L.I., Bogdanova S.V., Gureev A.N., Lazareva S.I., Semashina G.A., Obelchak E.V., Ponomarev D.A., Chepurnaya J.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ильенко Л.И., Богданова С.В., Гуреев А.Н., Лазарева С.И., Семашина Г.А., Обельчак Е.В., Пономарев Д.А., Чепурная Ю.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyenko L.I., Bogdanova S.V., Gureev A.N., Lazareva S.I., Semashina G.A., Obelchak E.V., Ponomarev D.A., Chepurnaya J.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильенко Л.И., Богданова С.В., Гуреев А.Н., Лазарева С.И., Семашина Г.А., Обельчак Е.В., Пономарев Д.А., Чепурная Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/35099">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/35099</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of iron deficiency issues is due to the high frequency and tendency to steady growth, affecting the quality of life of the population. Pregnant, lactating women and young children are at high risk of developing iron deficiency conditions. Among pregnant women, a direct correlation was found between iron deficiency in the early stages of gestation and the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, lower indicators of physical, psychomotor development of children. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 248 mother-child pairs was conducted. Pregnant, lactating women: the main group-women who received iron preparations during registration-106 persons, the comparison group-those who did not receive iron preparations-142. Inclusion criteria: absence of exacerbation of chronic pathology, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal pathology, infectious diseases. The women were examined at the end of the 3rd trimester and the postpartum period. Catamnestic observation was carried out for 248 children born to pregnant women. All children were observed with the informed consent of their parents. The duration of observation was up to a year. The children of the main group (106) and the comparison group (142) were singled out. Children of the main group on natural feeding (98) were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup - 47 children whose mothers received iron preparations during lactation, the second subgroup - 51 children whose mothers did not receive iron subsidies. An assessment of the somatic status, a general clinical examination was carried out. Results and Discussion.Based on the data obtained using the statistical method of analysis, it was found that iron deficiency in the antenatal period significantly increased the frequency of premature birth, caused a deficiency of birth weight, heart disease, and led to a high frequency of viral infections in pregnant women. In newborns, from mothers who did not receive the iron preparation, a high frequency of latent iron deficiency (LID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was noted. Newborns from the comparison group, according to the results of laboratory diagnostics, were treated with LID and IDA, however, lower indicators of physical development, NPR remained until 6 months. In the postnatal period, there was a direct correlation between the prophylactic intake of iron preparations by a nursing mother and the occurrence of latent iron deficiency and IDA in a child. Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to speak about the high effectiveness of preventive iron supplementation by a pregnant and lactating woman, to reduce the risk of pathological pregnancy and childbirth, affecting the indicators of physical and neuropsychic development (NPD) of a newborn and an infant. Even with the timely elimination of iron deficiency in a newborn, the delay in physical and NPR is noted up to 6 months. The analysis of the effect of iron deficiency in pregnant and nursing mothers on the course of the antenatal period, childbirth and the state of the child’s health dictates the need for prevention from the standpoint of a personalized approach.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность вопросов железодефицитных состояний обусловлена высокой частотой и тенденцией к неуклонному росту, влияя на качество жизни населения. Группу высокого риска развития железодефицитных состояний составляют беременные, кормящие женщины и дети раннего возраста. Среди беременных женщин выявлена прямая корреляция дефицита железа на ранних сроках гестации и патологического течения беременности и родов, более низких показателей физического, психомоторного развития детей. Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное исследование 248 пар «мать-ребенок». Беременные, кормящие женщины: основная группа - женщины, получавшие препараты железа при постановки на учет - 106 человек, группа сравнения, - не получавшие препараты железа - 142. Критерии включения: отсутствие обострения хронической патологии, аллергических реакций, патологии ЖКТ, инфекционных заболеваний. Женщины были обследованы в конце 3 триместра и послеродовом периоде. Катамнестическое наблюдение проводилось за 248 детьми, рожденными беременными женщинами. Все дети наблюдались с информированного согласия родителей. Длительность наблюдения составила до года. Были выделены дети основной группы (106), и группы сравнения (142). Дети основной группы на естественном вскармливании (98) были разделены на две подгруппы. Первая подгруппа 47 детей матери которых при лактации получали препараты железа, вторая подгруппа - 51 ребенок, матери которых не получали дотацию железа. Была проведена оценка соматического статуса, общеклиническое обследование. Результаты и обсуждение. На основании полученных данных с помощью статистического метода анализа установлено, что дефицит железа в антенатальном периоде достоверно увеличивал частоту преждевременных родов, вызывал дефицит массы при рождении, задержку внутриутробного развития плода, приводил к высокой частоте вирусных инфекций у беременных. У новорожденных от матерей, не получавших препарат железа, отмечалась высокая частота латентного дефицита железа (ЛДЖ) и железодефицитной анемии (ЖДА). Новорожденным из группы сравнения по результатам лабораторной диагностики была проведена терапия ЛДЖ и ЖДА, однако до 6 месяцев сохранялись более низкие показатели физического развития и нервно-психического развития (НПР). В постнатальном периоде отмечалась прямая корреляция между профилактическим приемом препаратов железа кормящей матерью и возникновением латентного дефицита железа и ЖДА у ребенка. Выводы. Полученные данные позволяют говорить о высокой эффективности профилактического приема препаратов железа беременной и кормящей женщиной, для снижения риска патологического течения беременности и родов, влияя на показатели физического, НПР новорожденного и грудного ребенка. Даже при своевременном устранении железодефицита у новорожденного, задержка физического и НПР отмечается до 6 месяцев. Проведенный анализ влияния дефицита железа у беременной и кормящей матери на течение антенатального периода, родов и состояния здоровья ребенка диктует необходимость профилактики с позиций персонифицированного подхода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron deficiency</kwd><kwd>gestation</kwd><kwd>antenatal period</kwd><kwd>pregnant women</kwd><kwd>antenatal prevention</kwd><kwd>iron deficiency anemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>pregnancy pathology</kwd><kwd>breastfeeding</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит железа</kwd><kwd>гестация</kwd><kwd>антенатальный период</kwd><kwd>беременные женщины</kwd><kwd>антенатальная профилактика</kwd><kwd>железодефицитная анемия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>патология беременности</kwd><kwd>грудное вскармливание</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations “Iron deficiency anemia” 2021–2022–2023, developed by the National Hematology Society, the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists — Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 09.09.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Железодефицитная анемия» 2021-2022-2023, разработанные Национальным гематологическим обществом, Национальным обществом детских гематологов и онкологов. 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