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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34094</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-1-101-109</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UKSOQT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Stomatology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Дантистика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptability of the tongue during orthodontic apparatus treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Адаптационные возможности языка при использовании ортодонтических аппаратов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-5275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Maria B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nid.gus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseynov</surname><given-names>Nidjat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусейнов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nid.gus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dental Clinic «Center for Modern Dentistry»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Стоматологическая клиника «Центр современной стоматологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">GINECOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Vasilyeva M.B., Guseynov N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Васильева М.Б., Гусейнов Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva M.B., Guseynov N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева М.Б., Гусейнов Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34094">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34094</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">To date, most dentoalveolar deformities are associated with bad habits such as thumb sucking, tongue sticking out, and so on. According to the authors, protrusion of the tongue is normal in newborns, in which the tongue lies between the gingival pads, and the lower jaw is stabilized by the facial muscles during swallowing. With the eruption of temporary teeth, this physiological phenomenon disappears. The authors pointed out that there are such concepts as «simple tongue push» and «complex tongue push». The first relates to open bite push-outs. The second is observed in children with an open bite, as well as with respiratory complications and / or with a history of chronic diseases of the nasopharynx. The act of swallowing in the physiological sense is divided into 3 stages: oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. Each stage is characterized by different positions of the tongue in the oral cavity. Orthodontic hardware treatment of such patients is aimed at eliminating these habits, as well as correcting the bite. Although many studies have been conducted since 1965, to this day, aimed at studying the tongue protrusion in infantile swallowing, as well as in various malocclusion deformities, the authors found that these studies have shortcomings. For each patient, the shape, size, as well as the trajectory of movements may vary due to anatomical features (short frenulum of the tongue). In this review article, the authors consider such concepts as the adaptive ability of the tongue during infantile swallowing, as well as its trajectory of movements when using various methods of hardware treatment; various orthodontic devices for the treatment of tongue misalignments, their components and their purposes are described. The current classification, main characteristics of this pathological condition and its connection with the dentoalveolar system are considered. Based on the study, it can be concluded that there are several directions in the treatment of infantile swallowing. One of these areas is hardware treatment in the form of the use of plates with a flap for the tongue.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Известно, что с 1965 года по сей день большинство зубочелюстных деформаций связаны с вредными привычками, такими как сосание пальца, высовывание языка и так далее. По мнению авторов, высовывание языка является нормальным явлением у новорожденных, у которых язык лежит между десневыми подушечками, а нижняя челюсть стабилизируется мимическими мышцами во время глотания. С прорезыванием временных зубов данное физиологическое явление исчезает. Авторы указали что, существуют такие понятия, как «простое выталкивание языка» и «сложное выталкивание языка». Первое касается выталкиваний при открытом прикусе. Второе наблюдается у детей с открытым прикусом, а также с осложнениями дыхания и/или с хроническими заболеваниями носоглотки в анамнезе. Акт глотания в физиологическом понимании подразделяется на 3 этапа: ротовой, глоточный и пищеводный. Каждый этап характеризуется разными положениями языка в полости рта. Ортодонтическое аппаратное лечение таких пациентов нацелено на устранение данных привычек, а также исправление прикуса. Было проведено множество исследований, нацеленных на изучение выталкивания языка при инфантильном глотании, а также при различных деформациях прикуса, авторы выявили, что у данных исследований имеются недостатки. У каждого пациента форма, размер, а также траектория движений может различаться в силу анатомических особенностей (короткая уздечка языка). Авторы рассмотрели такие понятия, как адаптационная способность языка при инфантильном глотании, а также его траектория движений при применении различных методов аппаратного лечения; различные ортодонтические устройства для лечения нарушений положений языка; описали их составляющие и их цели. Рассмотрены действующая классификация и основные характеристики данного патологического состояния, а также связь с зубочелюстной системой. Сделан вывод о существовании нескольких направлений в лечении инфантильного глотания. Одним из таких направлений является аппаратное лечение в виде применения пластин с заслонкой для языка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dentition</kwd><kwd>open bite</kwd><kwd>infantile swallowing</kwd><kwd>tongue thrust</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зубочелюстные деформации</kwd><kwd>открытый прикус</kwd><kwd>инфантильное глотание</kwd><kwd>выталкивание языка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Meka BP, Suryadevara S. A simplified method of fabricating a habit breaking appliance. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(1): ZH01. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/11581.5405</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tulley WJ. 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