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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-1-65-70</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TEFBIJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GINECOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Endometrial hyperplasia and progesterone resistance: a complex relationship</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гиперплазия эндометрия и резистентность к прогестерону - непростые взаимоотношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1767-5536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>Mekan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>211irina2111@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Ludmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалёва</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>211irina2111@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-6399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mullina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муллина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>211irina2111@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian People’s Friendship University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">GINECOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Orazov M.R., Mikhaleva L.M., Mullina I.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Оразов М.Р., Михалёва Л.М., Муллина И.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Orazov M.R., Mikhaleva L.M., Mullina I.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оразов М.Р., Михалёва Л.М., Муллина И.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34090">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34090</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The endometrium is one of the most dynamic tissues that constantly undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle in women of the reproductive period. All these processes take place mainly under the influence of steroid hormones that are produced in the woman’s body. However, it is important to remember that throughout life the endometrial tissue undergoes changes under the influence of various factors that lead to imbalances in hormonal regulation. All these changes can lead to the development of endometrial hyperplasia, which has a high risk of both recurrence and malignization. Over the past few decades, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased in many countries. This trend is thought to be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity, as well as to changing female reproductive patterns. Although there are currently no well-established screening programmers for endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia is a recognized precursor, and its detection provides an opportunity for prevention. Studying the pathogenesis and risk factors will give a great advantage in the future to prevent possible complications. At this point, the activity and inhibition of the different hormone isoforms can lead to different hyperplastic processes. The management of patients depends on many factors: age, species, reproductive potential and other factors. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to treatment is always necessary. In recent years, interest in the study of endometrial hyperplasia has increased dramatically due to the increase in endometrial cancer. Therefore, the issue of early diagnosis and prevention is most urgent in modern gynecology and requires further study. This review reflects the current understanding of the disruption of progesterone signaling mechanisms in endometrial hyperplasia according to domestic and foreign literature.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Эндометрий является одним из самых динамичных тканей, который постоянно подвергается изменениям во время менструального цикла у женщин репродуктивного периода. Все эти процессы происходят в основном под влиянием стероидных гормонов, которые вырабатываются в организме женщины. Однако нужно помнить, что в течение жизни эндометриальная ткань под воздействием различных факторов претерпевает изменения, которые приводят к дисбалансу гормональных регуляций. Все изменения могут привести к развитию гиперплазии эндометрия, которая имеет высокий риск как рецидивирования, так и малигнизации. За последние несколько десятилетий заболеваемость раком эндометрия увеличилась во многих странах. Предполагается, что эта тенденция связана с ростом распространенности ожирения, а также с изменением женских репродуктивных моделей. Хотя в настоящее время нет хорошо зарекомендовавших себя программ скрининга рака эндометрия, гиперплазия эндометрия является признанным предшественником, и ее обнаружение дает возможность для профилактики. Изучение патогенеза и факторов риска даст большое преимущество в будущем предотвратить возможные осложнения. На данный момент активность и ингибирование действий различных изоформ гормонов могут привести к разным гиперпластическим процессам. Менеджмент пациенток зависит от многих факторов: возраст, вид, репродуктивный потенциал и другие факторы. Поэтому всегда необходим комплексный подход к лечению. В последние годы в связи с ростом рака эндометрия резко увеличился интерес к изучению вопросов о гиперплазии эндометрия, в связи с чем вопрос о ранней диагностике и профилактике наиболее остро стоит в современной гинекологии и требует дальнейшего изучения. В обзоре отражены современные представления нарушения механизмов передачи сигналов прогестерона при гиперплазии эндометрия по данным отечественной и зарубежной литературы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>atypical hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>progestins</kwd><kwd>progesterone</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>атипическая гиперплазия</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>прогестины</kwd><kwd>прогестерон</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>MacLean JA 2nd, Hayashi K. Progesterone Actions and Resistance in Gynecological Disorders. Cells. 2022;11(4):647. doi: 10.3390/cells11040647</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Gellersen B, Brosens JJ. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. 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