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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34088</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-1-46-56</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SKKUTS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GINECOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunological and immunohistochemical features of endometrial implantation factor in healthy patients of late reproductive age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологические и иммуногистохимические особенности имплантационного фактора эндометрия у здоровых пациенток позднего репродуктивного возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8987-7375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsova</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-8404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukoshkina</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукошкина</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-2790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uryupina</surname><given-names>Kristina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урюпина</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-6640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakimyan</surname><given-names>Veronika A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакимян</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">GINECOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kravtsova E.I., Kolesnikova N.V., Lukoshkina I.N., Uryupina K.V., Avakimyan V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Кравцова Е.И., Колесникова Н.В., Лукошкина И.Н., Урюпина К.В., Авакимян В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kravtsova E.I., Kolesnikova N.V., Lukoshkina I.N., Uryupina K.V., Avakimyan V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кравцова Е.И., Колесникова Н.В., Лукошкина И.Н., Урюпина К.В., Авакимян В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34088">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/34088</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Аbstract. Relevance. The number of women of older reproductive age is steadily increasing, and repeated failures of Assisted Reproductive Technologies programs during the transfer of high-quality embryos indicate the possibility of disruption of embryo implantation processes associated with impaired receptivity and functionality of the endometrium. Morphological, immunological and immunohistochemical changes in the endometrium associated with age factor may be decisive for the formation of the «implantation window» and correction of these changes and may improve the outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technologies for a cohort of patients of older reproductive age. The aim of the study - to expand the pathogenetic understanding of the violation of the implantation ability of the endometrium in healthy patients of older reproductive age. Materials and Methods. A prospective sample study of 46 patients (group 1), aged 38 to 45 years with an officially registered diagnosis of infertility lasting no more than 4 years, with a successful gynecological and obstetric history, who were about to have their first IVF attempt, was conducted. The patients were examined according to Order № 803n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Additionally, the level of peripheral blood melatonin, the determination of progesterone, estrogen, HLA-DR (MHC II), CD56 (NK cells), CD138, leukemia inhibiting factor receptors in the endometrium were studied. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, TGFß, and VGEF were determined in the cervical secretion, with the calculation of the pro-inflammatory index, as the ratio of IL-6/IL-10 cu and the ratio of TGFß1/VEGF. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 application software package (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results and Discussion. In the group of healthy patients of older reproductive age, there is an imbalance of steroid receptors and secretory transformation of the endometrium against the background of relative hyperestrogenism, with a decrease in the reception of own hormones in the endometrium. A decrease in melatonin signals a disorder of pineal and pituitary control over ovarian cycling. There is a decrease in the expression of leukemia inhibiting factor. Signs of inactive chronic endometritis with an autoimmune component are monitored, confirmed by a pro-inflammatory cytokine balance. The predominance of fibrosis processes over angiogenesis processes is confirmed by an increase in the ratio of TGFß1/VEGF and highly resistant blood flow in the uterine arteries. Conclusion. Standard pre-gravidar preparation cannot compensate for all factors that violate the implantation potential of the endometrium in this cohort of patients and requires the development of new complex techniques that directly affect the diversity of all factors that ensure the natural extinction of reproductive potential in order to increase the effectiveness of Assisted Reproductive Technologies programs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность. Число женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста неуклонно растет, и повторяющиеся неудачи программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий при переносе эмбрионов высокого качества указывают на возможность нарушения процессов имплантации эмбриона, связанных с нарушением рецептивности и функциональности эндометрия. Морфологические, иммунологические и иммуногистохимические изменения в эндометрии, связанные с возрастным фактором, могут оказаться определяющими для формирования «окна имплантации» и коррекции этих изменений, что может улучшить исходы вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий для когорты пациенток старшего репродуктивного возраста. Цель исследования - расширить патогенетические представления о нарушении имплантационной способности эндометрия у здоровых пациенток старшего репродуктивного возраста. Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное выборочное исследование 46 пациенток (1 группа) в возрасте от 38 до 45 лет с официально зарегистрированным диагнозом «бесплодие» длительностью не более 4 лет, с благополучным гинекологическим и акушерским анамнезом, которым предстояла первая попытка ЭКО. Пациентки обследованы согласно приказу № 803н Минздрава РФ. Дополнительно исследовался уровень мелатонина периферической крови, определение в эндометрии рецепторов к прогестерону, эстрогену, HLA-DR (MHC II), CD56 (NK-клетки), CD138, фактора, ингибирующего лейкемию. В цервикальном секрете определялись концентрации IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ, VGEF, с расчетом провоспалительного индекса, как отношение IL-6/IL-10 и соотношение TGFβ1/VEGF (у.е). Статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью пакета прикладных программ Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, Inc., США). Результаты и обсуждение . В группе здоровых пациенток старшего репродуктивного возраста наблюдается дисбаланс стероидных рецепторов и секреторной трансформации эндометрия на фоне относительной гиперэстрогении, при снижении рецепции к собственным гормонам в эндометрии. Снижение мелатонина сигнализирует о расстройстве пинеального и гипофизарного контроля яичниковой цикличности. Отмечается уменьшение экспрессии фактора, ингибирующего лейкемию. Отслеживаются признаки неактивного хронического эндометрита с аутоиммунным компонентом, подтверждающиеся провоспалительным цитокиновым балансом. Преобладание процессов фиброза над процессами ангиогенеза подтверждается увеличением соотношения TGFβ1/VEGF и высокорезистентным кровотоком в маточных артериях. Выводы . Стандартная прегравидарная подготовка не может обеспечить компенсацию всех факторов, нарушающих имплантационный потенциал эндометрия у данной когорты пациенток, и требует разработки новых комплексных методик, непосредственно влияющих на многообразие всех факторов, обеспечивающих естественное угасание репродуктивного потенциала, с целью повышения эффективности программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infertility</kwd><kwd>older reproductive age</kwd><kwd>endometrial implantation factor</kwd><kwd>chronic endometritis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бесплодие</kwd><kwd>старший репродуктивный возраст</kwd><kwd>имплантационный фактор эндометрия</kwd><kwd>хронический эндометрит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orazov MR, Silantieva ES, Orekhov RE, Kamillova DP, Mikhaleva LM. 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