RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3299610.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-4-431-440BIOCHEMISTRYБИОХИМИЯReview ArticleBiomarkers in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseasesБиомаркеры в диагностике нейродегенеративных заболеванийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-2702HaqueSyed S.ХакС. С.sshaq2002@yahoo.co.inIndira Gandhi Institute of Medical SciencesИнститут медицинских наук имени Индиры Ганди23122022264GINECOLOGYГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ43144023122022Copyright ©; 2022, Haque S.S.Copyright ©; 2022, Хак С.С.2022Haque S.S.Хак С.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32996

Biomarkers are molecules that behave as of biological states. Ideally, they should have high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in reflecting the total disease burden. The review discusses the current status of biomarkers used in neurological disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group disorders characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. The review discusses the main biomarkers that have predictive value for describing clinical etiology, pathophysiology, and intervention strategies. Preciseness and reliability are one of important requirement for good biomarker. As a result of the analysis of literature data, it was revealed that beta-amyloid, total tau protein and its phosphorylated forms are the first biochemical biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases measured in cerebrospinal fluid, but these markers are dependent upon invasive lumbar puncture and therefore it’s a cumbersome process for patients. Among the various biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, special attention is paid to miRNAs. MicroRNAs, important biomarkers in many disease states, including neurodegenerative disorders, make them promising candidates that may lead to identify new therapeutic targets. Conclusions. Biomarkers of neurological disease are present optimal amount in the cerebrospinal fluid but they are also present in blood at low levels. The data obtained reveal the predictive value of molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders and the need for its wider use.

Биомаркеры представляют собой молекулы, являющиеся индикаторами биологических состояний. В идеале они должны иметь высокую чувствительность, специфичность и точность в отражении общего бремени болезни. В обзоре обсуждается текущее состояние биомаркеров, используемых при неврологических расстройствах. Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой гетерогенную группу заболеваний, характеризующихся прогрессирующей потерей структуры и функции центральной нервной системы или периферической нервной системы. В обзоре обсуждаются основные биомаркеры, которые имеют прогностическую ценность для описания клинической этиологии, патофизиологии и стратегий вмешательств. Точность и надежность являются одним из важных требований к хорошему биомаркеру. В результате анализа литературных данных выявлено, что бета-амилоид, общий тау белок и его фосфорилированные формы являются первыми биохимическими биомаркерами нейродегенеративных заболеваний, измеряемыми в спинномозговой жидкости, но выявление этих маркеров возможно с помощью инвазивной люмбальной пункции, и является обременительным процессом для пациентов. Среди различных биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний, особое внимание уделяется микроРНК. МикроРНК - важные биомаркеры при многих болезненных состояниях, включая нейродегенеративные расстройства, являются многообещающими кандидатами, которые могут привести к выявлению новых терапевтических мишеней. Выводы. Биомаркеры неврологических заболеваний присутствуют в оптимальном количестве в спинномозговой жидкости, но также присутствуют в крови в небольших количествах. Полученные данные выявляют прогностическую ценность молекулярной диагностики нейродегенеративных расстройств и необходимость более широкого ее использования.

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