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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32992</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-4-382-395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GINECOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity: a modern paradigm</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром поликистозных яичников и ожирение: современная парадигма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-4534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamoshina</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамошина</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iu.pavlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-1420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>Yulia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iu.pavlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-940X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayramova</surname><given-names>Ayshan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байрамова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iu.pavlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-6728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Valentina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iu.pavlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1767-5536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>Mekan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iu.pavlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">GINECOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>382</fpage><lpage>395</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Khamoshina M.B., Artemenko Y.S., Bayramova A.A., Ryabova V.A., Orazov M.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Хамошина М.Б., Артеменко Ю.С., Байрамова А.А., Рябова В.А., Оразов М.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamoshina M.B., Artemenko Y.S., Bayramova A.A., Ryabova V.A., Orazov M.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хамошина М.Б., Артеменко Ю.С., Байрамова А.А., Рябова В.А., Оразов М.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32992">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32992</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disease that affects women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome has not been fully studied to date, its paradigm considers the genetic determinism of the manifestation of hormonal and metabolic disorders, which are considered to be criteria for the verification of the disease (hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and/or polycystic ovarian transformation during ultrasound examination (ultrasound). This review discusses the main ways of interaction between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity and their role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as possible methods of treatment for this category of patients. The review analyzes the role of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in the implementation of the genetic scenario of polycystic ovary syndrome and finds out the reasons why women with polycystic ovary syndrome often demonstrate the presence of a «metabolic trio» - hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is noted that obesity is not included in the criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, but epidemiological data confirm the existence of a relationship between these diseases. Obesity, especially visceral, which is often found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, enhances and worsens metabolic and reproductive outcomes with polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as increases insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which, in turn, stimulates adipogenesis and suppresses lipolysis. Obesity increases the sensitivity of tech cells to luteinizing hormone stimulation and enhances functional hyperandrogenism of the ovaries, increasing the production of androgens by the ovaries. Excess body weight is associated with a large number of inflammatory adipokines, which, in turn, contribute to the growth of insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Obesity and insulin resistance exacerbate the symptoms of hyperandrogenism, forming a vicious circle that contributes to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. These data allow us to conclude that bariatric surgery can become an alternative to drugs (metformin, thiazolidinedione analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1), which has shown positive results in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Синдром поликистозных яичников представляет собой гетерогенное эндокринное заболевание, которым страдают женщины детородного возраста. Патогенез синдрома поликистозных яичников на сегодняшний день до конца не изучен, его парадигма рассматривает генетическую детерминированность манифестации гормональных и метаболических нарушений, которые принято считать критериями верификации заболевания (гиперандрогения, олиго/ановуляция и/или поликистозная трансформация яичников при ультразвуковом исследовании. В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные пути взаимодействия гиперандрогении, инсулинорезистентности и ожирения и их роль в патогенезе синдрома поликистозных яичников, а также возможные методы лечения данной категории пациенток. В обзоре анализируется роль гиперандрогении, и инсулинорезистентности в реализации генетического сценария синдрома поликистозных яичников и выясняются причины, почему женщины с синдромом поликистозных яичников часто демонстрируют наличие «метаболического трио» - гиперинсулинемии, резистентности к инсулину и сахарного диабета 2 типа. Отмечается, что ожирение не входит в критерии постановки диагноза синдрома поликистозных яичников, но эпидемиологические данные подтверждают наличие взаимосвязи между этими заболеваниями. Ожирение, особенно висцеральное, которое часто встречается у женщин с синдромом поликистозных яичников, усиливает и ухудшает метаболические и репродуктивные исходы при синдроме поликистозных яичников, а также увеличивает резистентность к инсулину и компенсаторную гиперинсулинемию, что, в свою очередь, стимулирует адипогенез и подавляет липолиз. Ожирение повышает чувствительность тека-клеток к стимуляции лютеонизирующим гормоном и усиливает функциональную гиперандрогению яичников, повышая выработку андрогенов яичниками. Избыток массы тела ассоциирован с большим количеством воспалительных адипокинов, которые, в свою очередь, способствуют росту резистентности к инсулину и адипогенез. Ожирение и инсулинорезистентность усугубляют симптомы гиперандрогении, образуя порочный круг, способствующий развитию синдрома поликистозных яичников. Приведенные данные позволяют сделать вывод, что альтернативой лекарственным средствам (метформин, тиазолидиндионоы аналоги глюкагоноподобного пептида-1) может стать бариатрическая хирургия, показавшая положительные результаты лечения пациенток с синдромом поликистозных яичников и ожирением.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polycystic ovary syndrome</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>hyperandrogenism</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>compensatory hyperinsulinemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром поликистозных яичников</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гиперандрогения</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>компенсаторная гиперинсулинемия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L., et al. 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