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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32990</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-4-364-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GINECOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and genetic aspects of menopausal hormone therapy - a modern paradigm. What changed COVID-19 pandemic?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-генетические аспекты менопаузальной гормональной терапии - современная парадигма. Что изменила пандемия COVID-19?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-8616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>izhuravas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-4534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamoshina</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамошина</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>izhuravas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>Mekan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>izhuravas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-8833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>izhuravas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-1196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azova</surname><given-names>Madina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>izhuravas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">GINECOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>364</fpage><lpage>372</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Zhuravleva I.S., Khamoshina M.B., Orazov M.R., Dmitrieva E.M., Azova M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Журавлева И.С., Хамошина М.Б., Оразов М.Р., Дмитриева Е.М., Азова М.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuravleva I.S., Khamoshina M.B., Orazov M.R., Dmitrieva E.M., Azova M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журавлева И.С., Хамошина М.Б., Оразов М.Р., Дмитриева Е.М., Азова М.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32990">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32990</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">In the modern paradigm of public health protection, much attention is paid to the health of women in peri- and postmenopause, and a personalized approach prevails. It is generally recognized that the pathogenetic therapy of menopausal disorders is hormone therapy. But the COVID-19 pandemic has made its own adjustments to the routine strategy of choosing menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). The purpose of this review was to analyze studies on the dependence of the effectiveness of MHT on clinical and genetic aspects in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The review highlights the main risks of MHT for thromboembolic diseases and coagulation complications characteristic of COVID-19, discusses genetic predispositions that aggravate the course of the post-COVID period, as well as the effectiveness of estrogens in protecting the vascular endothelium and increasing the number of CD4+ T cells, providing an adequate immune response when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Numerous studies show that the complications characteristic of the severe course of COVID-19 are multifactorial in nature and cannot be unambiguously explained only by genetic predisposition. However, with the development of personalized medicine, special attention should be paid to the study of genetic aspects that can equally contribute to the occurrence of menopausal disorders in healthy women and aggravate the course of the post-pregnancy period. The data presented allow us to conclude that in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the population level, MHT can bring significant benefits to women during menopause due to the beneficial effect of estrogens on vascular walls. Additional study of the relationship between the course of the postcovid period in MHT users and polymorphisms of candidate genes that determine the risks of thrombotic complications and metabolic consequences is required.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В современной парадигме охраны здоровья населения здоровью женщин в пери- и постменопаузе уделяется большое внимание, причем господствует персонифицированный подход. Общепризнанно, что патогенетической терапией менопаузальных расстройств является гормональная терапия. Но пандемия COVID-19 внесла свои коррективы в рутинную стратегию выбора менопаузальной гормональной терапии (МГТ). Целью данного обзора являлся анализ исследований зависимости эффективности МГТ от клинико-генетических аспектов в условиях продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19. В обзоре выделяются основные риски МГТ тромбоэмболических заболеваний и коагуляционных осложнений, характерных для COVID-19, обсуждаются генетические предрасположенности, отягчающие течение постковидного периода, а также эффективность эстрогеныов, защищающих эндотелий сосудов и увеличивающих количество CD4+ T-клеток, обеспечивая адекватный иммунный ответ при инфицировании SARS-CoV-2. Многочисленные исследования показывают, что осложнения, характерные для тяжелого течения COVID-19, носят многофакторный характер и не могут быть однозначно объяснены только генетической предрасположенностью. Однако, с развитием персонализированной медицины, особого внимания заслуживает исследование генетических аспектов, которые могут в равной мере способствовать возникновению менопаузальных расстройств у здоровых женщин и отягощать течение постковидного периода. Приведенные данные позволяют сделать вывод, что в условиях продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19 на популяционном уровне МГТ может принести существенную выгоду женщинам в период климактерия за счет благоприятного влияния эстрогенов на стенки сосудов. Требуется дополнительное изучение взаимосвязи течения постковидного периода у пользовательниц МГТ и полиморфизмов генов-кандидатов, определяющих риски тромботических осложнений и метаболических последствий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>postcovid syndrome</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>PAI-1</kwd><kwd>ITGB 3</kwd><kwd>MTHFR</kwd><kwd>VEGF</kwd><kwd>Vitamin D</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>PAI-1</kwd><kwd>ITGB 3</kwd><kwd>MTHFR</kwd><kwd>VEGF</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Schoenaker DAJM, Jackson СА, Rowlands JV, Mishra GD. 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