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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-3-259-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS INFLUENCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ СТРЕССОРНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rat adrenal medulla modular organization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модульная организация мозгового вещества надпочечника крысы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-7757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kemoklidze</surname><given-names>Konstantin G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кемоклидзе</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>K_G_K@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-0851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyumina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюмина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>K_G_K@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS INFLUENCES</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ СТРЕССОРНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ</issue-title><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kemoklidze K.G., Tyumina N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Кемоклидзе К.Г., Тюмина Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kemoklidze K.G., Tyumina N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кемоклидзе К.Г., Тюмина Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32229">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/32229</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. The concept of the tissue morpho-functional units (modules) of the adrenal medulla is currently not fully developed for adrenaline-storing (A-) cells and completely undeveloped for noradrenaline-storing (NA-) cells. Aim. Separately for A- and NA-cells, establish modules in adrenal medulla based on criteria developed by fundamental histology. Materials and Methods. The study used serial, semithin, and ultrathin sections of the adrenal glands, 7-9 µm thick, from 6 adult male Wistar rats (weight 335 ± 25 g). The sections were stained according to the Honoré method with additional staining with toluidine blue, which allows one to reliably distinguish between A and HA cells in the medulla. A cells are stained blue and HA cells are stained green. Light and electron microscopy was used to visualize serial, semithin, and ultrathin sections of the adrenal glands of adult male rats with A- and HA-cell differentiation. Results and Discussion. A-cells formed round clusters, in which they were located in one layer on the basement membrane. Their lateral sides closely adjoined each other, while the inner sides (the central part of the complexes) formed intercellular expansions, microprotrusions, and primary cilia. Less firmly pressed NA-cells formed polyhedral beams. Both types of cell complexes were associated with auxiliary components (stromal, nervous, circulatory, etc.). The central expansions of A-cell round clusters apparently to serve to retain some of the already produced adrenaline, which increases the readiness of the medulla to rapidly release large amounts of adrenaline in case of hyperacute stress. Accordingly, the adherence of A-cell complexes to a rounded shape is determined by the need to create such central isolated storage expansions. NA-cells are located more freely and do not form isolated intercellular expansions. This allows NA-cells to wedge between stably round A-cell complexes and form polyhedral beams as a result. Conclusion. It was found that the rat adrenal medulla contains two logically and morpho-functionally distinct types of specific modules. A-module are A-cells rounded cluster and NA-module is polyhedral NA-cells beam, both associated with auxiliary components.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность. В настоящее время представление о тканевых морфофункциональных единицах (модулях) мозгового вещества надпочечников не полностью сформировано для клеток, запасающих адреналин (А-), и совершенно не разработано для клеток, запасающих норадреналин (НА-). Цель. Отдельно для A- и НA-клеток установить модули в мозговом веществе надпочечников на основе критериев, разработанных фундаментальной гистологией. Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовали серийные, полутонкие и ультратонкие срезы надпочечников толщиной 7-9 мкм 6 взрослых крыс-самцов линии Вистар (масса 335 ± 25 г). Срезы окрашивали по методу Оноре с дополнительным окрашиванием толуидиновым синим, позволяющим достоверно различать А- и НА-клетки в мозговом веществе. А-клетки окрашены в синий цвет, а НА-клетки - в зеленый. Использовали световую и электронную микроскопию для визуализации серийных, полутонких и ультратонких срезов надпочечников взрослых самцов крыс с дифференцировкой А- и НА-клеток. Результаты обсуждение. А-клетки образовывали округлые скопления, в которых располагались в один слой на базальной мембране. Их боковые стороны плотно прилегали друг к другу, а внутренние стороны (центральная часть комплексов) образовывали межклеточные расширения, микровыпячивания и первичные реснички. Менее плотно расположенные НA-клетки образовывали многогранные балки. Оба типа клеточных комплексов были связаны с дополнительными компонентами (стромальными, нервными, сосудистым и др.). Центральные расширения округлых скоплений А-клеток, по-видимому, служат для удержания части уже образованного адреналина, что повышает готовность мозгового вещества к быстрому высвобождению больших количеств адреналина в случае сверхострого стресса. Соответственно, приверженность скоплений А-клеток к округлой форме определяется необходимостью создания таких центральных изолированных накопительных расширений. НA-клетки располагаются более свободно и не образуют изолированных межклеточных расширений, что позволяет НA-клеткам вклиниваться между стабильно круглыми скоплениями A-клеток, в результате чего формируются их многогранные балки. Выводы. Установлено, что мозговое вещество надпочечников крыс содержит два логически и морфофункционально различных типа специфических модулей. А-модуль представляет собой округлое скопление А-клеток, а НA-модуль - многогранная балка из НA-клеток, оба связаны со вспомогательными компонентами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adrenal medulla</kwd><kwd>chromaffin cells</kwd><kwd>adrenalocyte</kwd><kwd>noradrenalocyte</kwd><kwd>modules</kwd><kwd>morpho-functional units</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозговое вещество надпочечников</kwd><kwd>хромаффинные клетки</kwd><kwd>адреналоциты</kwd><kwd>норадреналоциты</kwd><kwd>модули</kwd><kwd>морфофункциональные единицы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klochkov ND. The histion as the elementary morphofunctional organ unit. Morfologiia. 1997;112(5):87-88. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клочков Н.Д. Гистион как элементарная морфофункциональная единица // Морфология. 1997. Т. 112, вып. 5. 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