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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31073</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-2-117-128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LARGE JOINTS ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАТОМИЯ И ПАТОЛОГИИ КРУПНЫХ СУСТАВОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of shoulder arthroplasty</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюция эндопротезирования плечевого сустава</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrosyan</surname><given-names>Armenak S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петросян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-4780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egiazaryan</surname><given-names>Karen A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егиазарян</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-0524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratyev</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратьев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-0089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Albawareed</surname><given-names>Omar A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль Баварид</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital № 17 of the Moscow Department of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 17 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">LARGE JOINTS ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">АНАТОМИЯ И ПАТОЛОГИИ КРУПНЫХ СУСТАВОВ</issue-title><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-27"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Petrosyan A.S., Egiazaryan K.A., Panin M.A., Ratyev A.A., Albawareed O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Петросян А.С., Егиазарян К.А., Панин М.А., Ратьев А.П., Аль Баварид О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrosyan A.S., Egiazaryan K.A., Panin M.A., Ratyev A.A., Albawareed O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петросян А.С., Егиазарян К.А., Панин М.А., Ратьев А.П., Аль Баварид О.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/31073">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/31073</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">In the more than century-long history of shoulder arthroplasty, scientists have gone from primitive ivory designs to high-tech implants made of rare metal alloys. Along the way, surgeons and inventors have faced challenges, made mistakes, and succeeded. This literature review reflects trends in the development of shoulder arthroplasty, evolutionary changes in endoprosthesis designs and principles of surgical treatment of shoulder pathology, from the late 19th century to the present. This paper details the stages of formation of the major modern philosophies of shoulder arthroplasty, such as those of Ch. Neer (anatomical prosthetics), P.M. Grammont (reversible prosthetics), and J. Zippel (surface prosthetics). In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century the components of shoulder prostheses as well as their fitting techniques continued to be improved from a biomechanical point of view. It was found that if the shoulder head and scapular component have different radii of curvature during arthroplasty, a shoulder-b lade mismatch is formed. A non-congruent joint (the radius of curvature of the head is smaller than the radius of curvature of the glenoid component) increases eccentric loads on the scapula joint implant, increases the risk of implant fracture, and reduces stability in the joint. However, such a joint allows reproduction of the natural gliding of the head. Restricting the required glide increases stress at the fixation site and can lead to loosening of the glenoid component. A number of studies have shown that a mismatch of more than 10 mm increases the risk of loosening and fractures of the scapular component, while a mismatch of 5-7 mm can be considered optimal, as it provides long-term survival of the glenoid component and the best reproduction of normal movements in the shoulder joint.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">За более чем столетнюю историю эндопротезирования плечевого сустава ученые прошли путь от примитивных конструкций из слоновой кости до высокотехнологичных имплантов из сплавов редких металлов. На этом пути хирурги и изобретатели сталкивались с трудностями, совершали ошибки и добивались успеха. В настоящем литературном обзоре отражены тенденции развития эндопротезирования плечевого сустава, эволюционное изменение конструкций эндопротезов и принципов хирургического лечения патологии плечевого сустава, с конца XIX века и по настоящее время. В данной работе подробно рассматриваются этапы формирования основных современных философий эндопротезирования плечевого сустава, таких как философия Ch. Neer (анатомическое протезирование), P.M. Grammont (реверсивное протезирование) и J. Zippel (поверхностное протезирование). В 70-80х годах 20 столетия продолжается совершенствование компонентов эндопротезов плечевого сустава, а также техник их установки с позиции биомеханики. Было выявлено, что в случае, если при эндопротезировании головка плеча и лопаточный компонент имеют разные радиусы кривизны, формируется плече-л опаточное несоответствие. Неконгруэнтный сустав (радиус кривизны головки меньше радиуса кривизны гленоидального компонента) увеличивает эксцентричные нагрузки на имплант суставной впадины лопатки, увеличивает риск перелома импланта, а также снижает стабильность в суставе. Однако такой сустав позволяет воспроизвести естественное скольжение головки. Ограничение необходимого скольжения увеличивает нагрузки в месте фиксации и может привести к расшатыванию гленоидального компонента. Ряд исследований показали, что несоответствие более 10 мм увеличивает риск расшатывания и переломов лопаточного компонента, а несоответствие 5-7 мм можно считать оптимальным, так как обеспечивает длительную выживаемость гленоидального компонента и наилучшего воспроизведения нормальных движений в плечевом суставе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shoulder joint arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>hemiprosthesis</kwd><kwd>total anatomical prosthesis</kwd><kwd>reverse endoprosthetics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндопротезирование плечевого сустава</kwd><kwd>гемипротез</kwd><kwd>тотальный анатомический протез</kwd><kwd>реверсивное эндопротезирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Neer CS, Brown TH, McLaughlin HL. 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