RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2754010.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-235-242DERMATOLOGYДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯReview ArticleTransforming growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the recovery and formation of skin scarsРоль трансформирующего фактор роста бета-1 и фактора роста эндотелия сосудов в формировании кожных рубцовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-4262NikonorovaVarvara G.НиконороваВ. Г.bgnikon@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-5800ChrishtopVladimir V.КриштопВ. В.bgnikon@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-4065RumyantsevaTatyana A.РумянцеваТ. А.bgnikon@gmail.comUfa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human EcologyСанкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптикиBashkir State Medical UniversityЯрославский государственный медицинский университет02102021253PULMONOLOGYПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ23524202102021Copyright ©; 2021, Nikonorova V.G., Chrishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A.Copyright ©; 2021, Никонорова В.Г., Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А.2021Nikonorova V.G., Chrishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A.Никонорова В.Г., Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/27540

Relevance. Scars are multi-tissue structures that significantly reduce the quality of life of the young, able-bodied population. The most socially significant variants are represented by hypertrophic and keloid postoperative scars and scars after burns, atrophic scars after acne vulgaris and striae. Growth factors, which are also used for their treatment, play a significant role in their formation and progression. The aim of this work is to summarize data on the participation of growth factors (transforming growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the formation of a hypertrophic or atrophic scar. Materials and Methods. The study of literary sources of scientometric scientific bases was carried out. Results and Discussion . The study showed that the duration of the scarring phases preceding it is of great importance in scar formation, their prolongation leads to chronic inflammation and the attachment of an autoimmune component, an increase in the number of myofibroblasts due to inhibition of apoptosis and an increase in the synthesis of intercellular substance and immature forms of collagen, as well as thinning of the epidermis over scar. Growth factors such as growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor are capable of shifting the balance of these two main pathways or towards proliferative processes, contributing to an increase in the number of blood vessels in the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the number of mast cells and total cellularity, as well as, in some cases, the synthesis of keloid - that is, the formation of a hypertrophic or keloid scar. On the contrary, the prevalence of inflammatory processes leads to a decrease in cellularity, a decrease in blood vessels and intercellular substance, as well as damage to elastin and collagen fibers, forming the phenotype of an atrophic scar or striae. Conclusion. Growth factors play a key role in scar formation, contributing to an increase in the number of blood vessels in the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the number of mast cells and total cellularity, as well as, in some cases, the synthesis of keloid - that is, the formation of a hypertrophic or keloid scar.

Актуальность. Рубцы представляют собой мультитканевые структуры, значительно снижающие качество жизни молодого, работоспособного населения. Наиболее социально значимые их варианты представлены гипертрофическими и келлоидными послеоперационными рубцами и рубцами после ожогов, атрофическими рубцами после вульгарных угрей и стриями. Значительную роль в их формировании и прогрессировании играют ростовые факторы, которые так же используются для их лечения. Цель работы: обобщить данные об участии ростовых факторов (трансформирующий фактор роста бета-1 и фактор роста эндотелия сосудов) в формировании рубца по гипертрофическому или атрофическому типу. Материалы и методы . Произведено исследование литературных источников наукометрических научных баз. Результаты и обсуждение . В исследовании показано, что большое значение при формировании рубца имеет длительность предшествующих ему фаз рубцевания, их пролонгация приводит к хронизации воспаления и присоединению аутоимунного компонента, росту количества миофибробластов за счет торможения апоптоза и увеличению синтеза межклеточного вещества и незрелых форм коллагена, а также истончению эпидермиса над рубцом. Ростовые факторы, такие как фактор роста бета-1 и фактора роста эндотелия сосудов способны сдвигать баланс этих двух основных путей или в сторону пролиферативных процессов, способствуя увеличению числа сосудов гемомикроциркуляторного русла, количества тучных клеток и общей клеточности, а также в ряде случаев синтезу келлоида - то есть формированию гипертрофического или келлоидного рубца. Наоборот, превалирование воспалительных процессов приводит к снижению клеточности, уменьшении сосудов и межклеточного вещества, а также повреждению эластиновых и коллагеновых волокон, формируя фенотип атрофического рубца или стрии. Выводы. Ключевую роль в формировании рубца играют факторы роста, способствуя увеличению числа сосудов гемомикроциркуляторного русла, количества тучных клеток и общей клеточности, а также в ряде случаев синтезу келлоида - то есть формированию гипертрофического или келлоидного рубца.

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