RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2655710.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-114-126CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGHYКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯReview ArticleRegulation of neurogenesis and cerebral angiogenesis by cell protein proteolysis productsРегуляция нейрогенеза и церебрального ангиогенеза продуктами протеолиза клеточных белковhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7544-3779TeplyashinaE. A.ТепляшинаЕ. А.elenateplyashina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-8356KomlevaY. K.КомлеваЮ. К.elenateplyashina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-1125LychkovskayaE. V.ЛычковскаяЕ. В.elenateplyashina@mail.ruDeikhinaA. S.ДейхинаА. С.elenateplyashina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-6348SalminaA. B.СалминаА. Б.elenateplyashina@mail.ruKrasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого25052021252EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGYЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ11412625052021Copyright ©; 2021, Teplyashina E.A., Komleva Y.K., Lychkovskaya E.V., Deikhina A.S., Salmina A.B.Copyright ©; 2021, Тепляшина Е.А., Комлева Ю.К., Лычковская Е.В., Дейхина А.С., Салмина А.Б.2021Teplyashina E.A., Komleva Y.K., Lychkovskaya E.V., Deikhina A.S., Salmina A.B.Тепляшина Е.А., Комлева Ю.К., Лычковская Е.В., Дейхина А.С., Салмина А.Б.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/26557

Brain development is a unique process characterized by mechanisms defined as neuroplasticity (synaptogenesis, synapse elimination, neurogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis). Numerous neurodevelopmental disorders brain damage, and aging are manifested by neurological deficits that are caused by aberrant neuroplasticity. The presence of stem and progenitor cells in neurogenic niches of the brain is responsible for the formation of new neurons capable of integrating into preexisting synaptic assemblies. The determining factors for the cells within the neurogenic niche are the activity of the vascular scaffold and the availability of active regulatory molecules that establish the optimal microenvironment. It has been found that regulated intramembrane proteolysis plays an important role in the control of neurogenesis in brain neurogenic niches. Molecules generated by the activity of specific proteases can stimulate or suppress the activity of neural stem and progenitor cells, their proliferation and differentiation, migration and integration of newly formed neurons into synaptic networks. Local neoangiogenesis supports the processes of neurogenesis in neurogenic niches, which is guaranteed by the multivalent action of peptides formed from transmembrane proteins. Identification of new molecules regulating the neuroplasticity (neurogenesis and angiogenesis). i. e. enzymes, substrates, and products of intramembrane proteolysis, will ensure the development of protocols for detecting the neuroplasticity markers and targets for efficient pharmacological modulation.

Развитие головного мозга представляет собой уникальный процесс, характеризующийся механизмами, определяемыми как нейропластичность (синаптогенез, элиминация синапсов, нейрогенез, церебральный ангиогенез). Многие нарушения развития головного мозга, повреждение головного мозга, а также старение проявляются неврологическим дефицитом, в основе которого - аберрантная нейропластичность. Присутствие стволовых и прогениторных клеток в нейрогенных нишах головного мозга обеспечивает образование новых нейронов, способных интегрироваться в предсуществующие синаптические ансамбли. Определяющими факторами для клеток нейрогенной ниши являются активность сосудистого скаффолда и наличие активных регуляторных молекул, формирующих оптимальное микроокружение. Установлено, что внутримембранный регулируемый протеолиз играет важную роль в контроле процессов нейрогенеза в нейрогенных нишах головного мозга. Молекулы, генерируемые за счет активности специфических протеаз, могут стимулировать или подавлять активность стволовых и прогениторных клеток, их пролиферацию и дифференцировку, миграцию и интеграцию вновь образованных нейронов в синаптические ансамбли. Локальный неоангиогенез поддерживает процессы нейрогенеза в нейрогенных нишах, что гарантируется мультивалентным действием пептидов, формирующихся из трансмембранных белков. Идентификация новых молекул-регуляторов процессов нейропластичности (нейрогенез и ангиогенез) из числа ферментов, субстратов и продуктов внутримембранного протеолиза обеспечит разработку протоколов регистрации процессов нейропластичности и эффективной фармакологической модуляции.

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