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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26556</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-106-113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of angiogenesis in eye diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности ангиогенеза при заболеваниях глаз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>khalimoff.timur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Khalimov T.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Халимов Т.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalimov T.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халимов Т.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/26556">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/26556</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Based on the analysis of published data, the review provides information on the role and mechanisms of angiogenesis in the development of eye diseases. It has been shown that the developing inflammatory process associated with infections or damage to the organ of vision almost always leads to the appearance of newly formed vessels in the avascular cornea. The progression, in particular, of age-related macular degeneration is associated with the immune-mediated development of angiogenesis processes. A key inducer of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whose activity can be enhanced by a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α), growth (fibroblast growth factor, FGF) and transforming factors (transforming growth factor beta, TGF- β). In addition, VEGF overproduction is mediated by an imbalance of pro-angiogenic (angiogenin) and anti-angiogenic (angiostatin, vasostatin, endostatin; tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases) factors. Antiangiogenic activity based on inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been successfully used in the treatment of a number of eye diseases, such as exudative age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, the pathogenesis of which is based on the growth of newly formed vessels. The review presents information on the main anti-angiogenic drugs for intravitreal administration, used in ophthalmology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">На основе анализа литературных данных в обзоре изложены сведения о роли и механизмах ангиогенеза в развитии глазных заболеваний. Показано, что к появлению новообразованных сосудов в аваскулярной роговице практически всегда приводит развивающийся воспалительный процесс, связанный с инфекциями или повреждениями органа зрения. Прогрессирование, в частности, возрастной дегенерации макулы связано с иммуноопосредованным развитием процессов ангиогенеза. Ключевым индуктором ангиогенеза является фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), усиление активности которого может осуществляться рядом провоспалительных цитокинов (фактор некроза опухоли альфа, TNF-α), ростовых (фактор роста фибробластов, FGF) и трансформирующих факторов (трансформирующий фактор роста бета, TGF-β). Кроме этого гиперпродукция VEGF опосредована дисбалансом проангиогенных (ангиогенин) и антиангиогенных (ангиостатин, вазостатин, эндостатин; тканевые ингибиторы матриксных металлопротеиназ) факторов. Антиангиогенная активность, базирующаяся на ингибировании фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), стала успешно использоваться в лечении ряда глазных заболеваний, таких как экссудативная возрастная макулярная дегенерация и диабетический макулярный отек, в основе патогенеза которых лежит рост новообразованных сосудов. В обзоре представлены сведения об основных антиангиогенных препаратах для интравитреального введения, применяемых в офтальмологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>vitreous</kwd><kwd>neovascularization</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis factors</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis inhibitors</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>AMD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>стекловидное тело</kwd><kwd>неоваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>факторы ангиогенеза</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ангиогенеза</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенераця</kwd><kwd>ВМД</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The financial support of the work was provided by the State Budgetary Institution «Ufa Eye Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансовое обеспечение работы осуществлено ГБУ «Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stitt AW, Simpson DA, Boocock C, Gardiner TA, Murphy GM, Archer DB. 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