RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2543310.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-16-24CORONAVIRUS INFECTION, INFECTIOUS DISEASESКОРОНАВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ, ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИReview ArticleCutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19Поражения кожи у детей с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19TamrazovaO. B.ТамразоваО. Б.tonya-st@yandex.ruStadnikovaA. S.СтадниковаА. С.tonya-st@yandex.ruRudikovaE. V.РудиковаЕ. В.tonya-st@yandex.ruPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Российский университет дружбы народовBashlyaev’s Children HospitalДетская Городская Клиническая Больница им. З.А. Башляевой12012021251CORONAVIRUS INFECTION, INFECTIOUS DISEASESКОРОНАВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ, ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ162412012021Copyright ©; 2021, Tamrazova O.B., Stadnikova A.S., Rudikova E.V.Copyright ©; 2021, Тамразова О.Б., Стадникова А.С., Рудикова Е.В.2021Tamrazova O.B., Stadnikova A.S., Rudikova E.V.Тамразова О.Б., Стадникова А.С., Рудикова Е.В.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/25433

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaev’s Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

В конце 2019 года в Китае появилась новая вирусная инфекция, которая распространилась по всему миру, став причиной пандемии. Возбудителем нового варианта коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 является коронавирус SARS-CoV-2. В обзоре представлены современные данные по эпидемиологии, патогенезу и течению новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 у детей. Китайские, американские и европейские ученые описывали разнообразные кожные проявления у детей с COVID-19. В статье представлен обзор литературы кожных проявлений коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 у детей. Во время собственного наблюдения 301 пациента с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, в Детской городской клинической больнице им. З.А. Башляевой ДЗ г. Москвы в период с 17 мая по 16 ноября 2020 года, у 39-ти (13 %) пациентов отмечались кожные проявления. В статье представлена классификация кожных проявлений, характерных для COVID-19, дана краткая характеристика каждой из групп.

coronavirus infectionSARS-CoV-2COVID-19childrenclinical findingsskinSARS-CoV-2COVID-19коронавирусная инфекциядетиклиникакожаWeiss SR, Navas-Martin S. Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2005;69:635-664.World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. 11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11march-2020 (Accessed May 01 2020).Fu Y, Cheng Y, Wu Y. Understanding SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammatory responses: from mechanisms to potential therapeutic tools. Virol Sin. 2020;35:266-271. doi:10.1007/s12250-020-00207.Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis MLC, Lely AT, Navis GJ, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J. Pathol. 2004;203:631-637. doi: 10.1002/path.1570Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S., et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2, TMPRSS2, and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271-280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data as received by WHO from national authorities. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/ (Accessed 14 November 2020)Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:759.Statistica. Distribution of Coronavirus cases in Italy as of November 7, 2020, by age group. Available at: https://www.statista.com/ statistics/1103023/coronavirus-cases-distribution-by-age-group-italy/ (Accessed November 12 2020).Leeb RT, Price S, Sliwa S. COVID-19 Trends Among SchoolAged Children - United States, March 1-September 19, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1410.Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека. Об исследовании заболеваемости коронавирусом у детей, 08 сентября 2020 г. https://www. rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/predpr/news_predpr.php?ELEMENT_ ID=15344 Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. On the study of the incidence of coronavirus in children, 08 September 2020. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/ info/predpr/news_predpr.php?ELEMENT_ID=15344Muus C, Luecken MD, Eraslan G. Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARSCoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells. bioRxiv 2020;04.19.049254. doi:10.1101/2020.04.19.049254Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson J. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395:1033-1034.Yonker LM, Shen K, Kinane TB. Lessons unfolding from pediatric cases of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55:1085-1086.Cyranoski D. Why children avoid the worst coronavirus complications might lie in their arteries. Nature. 2020;582:324-325.Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:759.Liguoro I, Pilotto C, Bonanni M. SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179:1029.Ma N, Li P, Wang X, Yu Y, Tan X, Chen P, Li S, Jiang F. Ocular Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 1;138(10):1079-1086. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138:1079-1086.United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of coronavirus. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html (Accessed September 14 2020).Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, Zhang J, Li YY, Qu J, et al. Chinese Pediatric Novel Coronavirus Study Team. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. N. Engl J Med. 2020;382(17):1663-1665. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005073.Tian Y, Rong L, Nian W, He Y. Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51;843-851.Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):1169-1174. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24718.Wang D, Ju XL, Xie F. [Clinical analysis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) of northern China]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;58:269-275.Perez A, Kogan-Liberman D, Sheflin-Findling S. Presentation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 Infection as Cholestatic Jaundice in Two Healthy Adolescents. J. Pediatr. 2020;226:278-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.054.Paret M, Lighter J, Pellett Madan R, Raabe VN, Shust GF, Ratner AJ. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) Infection in Febrile Infants Without Respiratory Distress. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2243-2245. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa452Feld L, Belfer J, Kabra R, Goenka P, Rai S, Moriarty S, Barone S. A Case Series of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 3 Febrile Infants in New York. Pediatrics. 2020;(1):e20201056. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-1056.Meslin P, Guiomard C, Chouakria M. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Newborns and Very Young Infants: a Series of Six Patients in France. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e145.Ng KF, Bandi S, Bird W, Wei-Tze Tang J. COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants: Progression and Recovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e140.Mithal LB, Machut KZ, Muller WJ, Kociolek LK. SARSCoV-2 Infection in Infants Less than 90 Days Old. J Pediatr. 2020;224:150-156.Grimaud E, Challiol M, Guilbaud C. Delayed acute bronchiolitis in infants hospitalized for COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(11):2211-2218.André MC, Pätzug K, Bielicki J, Gualco G, Busi I, Hammer J. Can SARS-CoV-2 cause life-threatening bronchiolitis in infants? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(11):2842-2843. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25030.Parri N, Lenge M, Buonsenso D. Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Emergency Departments (CONFIDENCE) Research Group. Children with Covid-19 in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Italy. N Engl J. Med. 2020;383:187-194.Galván Casas C, Català A, Carretero Hernández G. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183:71-77.Recalcati S. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:e212.Manalo IF, Smith MK, Cheeley J, Jacobs R. A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: Transient livedo reticularis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 83:700-7005.Alramthan A, Aldaraji W. Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020;45:746-751.Kolivras A, Dehavay F, Delplace D. Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: A case report with histopathologic findings. JAAD Case Rep. 2020;6:489-498.de Masson A, Bouaziz JD, Sulimovic L, Cassius C, Jachiet M, Ionescu MA, et al. SNDV (French National Union of DermatologistsVenereologists). Chilblains is a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective nationwide study from France. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(2):667-670. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2020.04.161.Castagnoli R, Votto M, Licari A, Brambilla I, Bruno R, Perlini S, et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(9):882-889. doi: 10.1001/ jamapediatrics.2020.1467.Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J. Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020;324:259-269. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10369.Kaushik A, Gupta S, Sood M. A Systematic Review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(11):e340-e346. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002888.Radia., Williams N, Agrawal P, Harman K, Weale J, Cook J, Gupta A. Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children & adolescents (MIS-C): A systematic review of clinical features and presentation. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020;20:30117-2. doi: 10.1016/j. prrv.2020.08.001Ahmed M, Advani S, Moreira A. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2020; Sep.26:100527.