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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25029</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-4-345-353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Typological features of the brain in normal conditions and in cerebral hypoperfusion</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Типологические особенности головного мозга в норме и при церебральной гипоперфузии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3734-5479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chrishtop</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криштоп</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bgnikon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7086-0780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bgnikon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2161-4838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonorova</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонорова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bgnikon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy named after D.K. Belyaev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ивановская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Д.К. Беляева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL  PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>353</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Chrishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A., Nikonorova V.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А., Никонорова В.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chrishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A., Nikonorova V.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А., Никонорова В.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/25029">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/25029</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Stress resistance and cognitive abilities of the patient, forming the personal component of the rehabilitation potential, have a significant impact on the course and recovery period after cerebral hypoxia of various origins. The adaptation of rehabilitation measures to the individual characteristics of the patient will significantly increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work is to generalize experimental and clinical studies characterizing the influence of individual characteristics of higher nervous activity on the course of cerebral hypoperfusion. Materials and methods . The study of literary sources of scientometric scientific bases for the last 15 years has been carried out. Results . The level of stress resistance is based on alternative biochemical strategies of neuronal metabolism of macroergs and neurotransmitters. At the organismic level, this is realized in a greater base voltage of the stress-activating system and a smaller reserve capacity of the sympathoadrenal system. In general, this leads to more severe cerebral hypoperfusion in stress-resistant individuals and slower recovery and is correlated with a high baseline sympathetic nervous system tone, insulin and testosterone concentrations. At the same time, a low level of stress resistance determines a greater sensitivity to exogenous corrective influences in cerebral hypoperfusion. The level of cognitive ability is associated with astrocytic responses and the organization of synaptic ensembles. The participation of astrocytes in the regulation of glutamate levels probably has a combined effect on both the state of cognitive mechanisms and damage to the components of neuroglial assemblies during hypoxia. This is also due to the release of S100β +, which, in turn, enhances the coordinated oscillations of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and may be the cause of greater damage to the cells of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities in the cerebral hypoperfusion model.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Стрессоустойчивость и когнитивные способности пациента, формируя личностную компоненту реабилитационного потенциала, оказывают значимое влияние на протекание и восстановительный период после церебральной гипоксии, разного генеза. Адаптация реабилитационных мероприятий к индивидуальным особенностям пациента значительно повышает эффективность реабилитационных мероприятий при инсульте и нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Цель работы: обобщить экспериментальные и клинические исследования, характеризующие влияние индивидуальных особенностей высшей нервной деятельности на протекание церебральной гипоперфузии. Материалы и методы. Произведено исследование литературных источников наукометрических научных баз за последние 15 лет. Результаты. Уровень стрессоустойчивости имеет в своей основе альтернативные биохимические стратегии нейронального метаболизма макроэргов, нейромедиаторов. На организменном уровне это реализуется в большем базовом напряжении стрессактивирующей системы и меньшей резервной емкости симпатоадреналовой системы и приводит к более тяжелому протеканию церебральной гипоперфузии у стресснеустойчивых индивидуумов и более медленному восстановлению. Уровень стрессоустойчивости взаимосвязан с высоким базовым тонусом симпатической нервной системы, концентрацией инсулина и тестостерона. Вместе с тем низкий уровень стрессоустойчивости определяет большую чувствительность к экзогенным корригирующим влияниям при церебральной гипоперфузии. Уровень когнитивных способностей ассоциирован с астроцитарными реакциями и организацией синаптических ансамблей. Участие астроцитов в регуляции уровня глутамата, вероятно, оказывает комбинирование влияние, как на состояние когнитивных механизмов, так и на повреждение компоненотов нейро-глиальных ансамблей при гипоксии и обусловлено высвобождением S100β+, что, в свою очередь, усиливает скоординированные колебания нейронов в медиальной префронтальнй коре и гиппокампе и может быть причиной большего повреждения клеток коры больших полушарий головного мозга у животных с высоким уровнем когнитивных способностей в модели церебральной гипоперфузии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral hypoperfusion</kwd><kwd>stress resistance</kwd><kwd>cognitive abilities</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церебральная гипоперфузия</kwd><kwd>стрессоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>когнитивные способности</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova NE, Ivanova GE, Kiryanova VV, Semenova ZhB, Isanova VA, Ruslyakova IA, Zharova EN, Sokolova FM. 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