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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-4-325-337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ceramids as biomarkers of chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Церамиды как биомаркеры хронического пародонтита, ассоциированного с сахарным диабетом второго типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6996-2071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Unanyan</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Унаньян</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8025-8611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balmasova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балмасова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8180-4941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsarev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1980-8700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkrtumyan</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мкртумян</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2403-8663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elbekyan</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эльбекьян</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7085-4329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karakov</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караков</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1052-4131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunov</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнов</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iri.balm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dinskaya Central District Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Динская Центральная районная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL  PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>337</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Unanyan K.G., Balmasova I.P., Tsarev V.N., Mkrtumyan A.M., Elbekyan K.S., Karakov K.G., Arutyunov S.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Унаньян К.Г., Балмасова И.П., Царев В.Н., Мкртумян А.М., Эльбекьян К.С., Караков К.Г., Арутюнов С.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Unanyan K.G., Balmasova I.P., Tsarev V.N., Mkrtumyan A.M., Elbekyan K.S., Karakov K.G., Arutyunov S.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Унаньян К.Г., Балмасова И.П., Царев В.Н., Мкртумян А.М., Эльбекьян К.С., Караков К.Г., Арутюнов С.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/25027">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/25027</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance . The association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent manifestations of systemic effects that are etiologically associated with periodontopathogenic bacteria in the biofilm of the gingival sulcus. In this regard, the study of the metabolic mechanisms leading to such systemic effects and serving their markers is an urgent problem. Aim . Study of the features of sphingolipid/ceramide metabolism, both produced by etiologically significant microflora, and present in periodontal tissues of patients on the example of the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods . The observation groups included 58 patients with chronic periodontitis in association with type 2 diabetes, 39 patients with chronic periodontitis without concomitant systemic pathology, and 27 conditionally healthy people. All the examined patients underwent molecular genetic studies of the taxonomic and metabolic profiles of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota using 16S sequencing and evaluation of phosphorylated ceramides in saliva by the activity of the ceramid kinase enzyme. Results . It was found that in the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are features of the taxonomic composition of the dental sulcus/periodontal pockets microbiota, which are combined with a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, in these patients, depending on the duration of diabetes mellitus, there was an increasing drop in the saliva of ceramide kinase, which determines the phosphorylation of sphingolipids/ceramides. Conclusion . In the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the systemic effects of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota are manifested by a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism, including a decrease in ceramide kinase in periodontal tissues, which can serve as a marker of the combined pathological process.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Ассоциация хронического пародонтита с сахарным диабетом типа 2 является одним из наиболее частых проявлений системных эффектов, этиологически связанных с пародонтопатогенными бактериями в составе биопленки зубодесневой борозды. В связи с этим исследование метаболических механизмов, приводящих к таким системным эффектам и служащих их маркерами, является актуальной проблемой. Цель . Исследование особенностей метаболизма сфинголипидов/церамидов, как продуцируемых этиологически значимой микрофлорой, так и присутствующих в тканях пародонта пациентов на примере ассоциации хронического пародонтита с сахарным диабетом типа 2. Материалы и методы. Группы наблюдения включали 58 больных хроническим пародонтитом в ассоциации с сахарным диабетом типа 2, 39 больных хроническим пародонтитом без сопутствующей системной патологии, 27 условно здоровых людей. Всем обследованным проводились молекулярно-генетические исследования таксономического и метаболического профилей микробиоты зубодесневой борозды / пародонтальных карманов c использованием 16S секвенирования и оценка в слюне фосфорилированных церамидов по активности фермента церамид киназы. Результаты . Было установлено, что при ассоциации хронического пародонтита с сахарным диабетом типа 2 имеются особенности таксономического состава микробиоты зубодесневой борозды/пародонтальных карманов, которые сочетаются со снижением метаболизма сфинголипидов. Кроме того, у этих больных в зависимости от длительности сахарного диабета отмечено нарастающее падение в слюне церамид киназы, определяющей фосфорилирование сфинголипидов/церамидов. Заключение . При ассоциации хронического пародонтита с сахарным диабетом типа 2 системные эффекты микробиоты зубодесневой борозды / пародонтальных карманов проявляются снижением метаболизма сфинголипидов, обусловленных в том числе снижением церамид киназы в тканях пародонта, что может служить маркером сочетанного патологического процесса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic periodontitis</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>sphingolipids</kwd><kwd>ceramides</kwd><kwd>ceramid kinase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический пародонтит</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет типа 2</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>сфинголипиды</kwd><kwd>церамиды</kwd><kwd>церамид киназа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajishengallis G., Darveau R.P., Curtis M.A. The keystonepathogen hypothesis. 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