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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24442</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-3-269-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Advisable including glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide in Helicobacter pylori therapy: experience of ten-year investigation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Целесообразность включения глюкозаминилмурамилдипептида в терапию Helicobacter pylori: опыт десятилетнего наблюдения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konorev</surname><given-names>M. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конорев</surname><given-names>М. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guryanova</surname><given-names>S. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьянова</surname><given-names>С. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyshevich</surname><given-names>E. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тышевич</surname><given-names>Е. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyukov</surname><given-names>R. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюков</surname><given-names>Р. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>svgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vitebsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Витебский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO3 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №3 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>269</fpage><lpage>282</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Konorev M.R., Guryanova S.V., Tyshevich E.N., Pavlyukov R.A., Borisova O.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Конорев М.Р., Гурьянова С.В., Тышевич Е.Н., Павлюков Р.А., Борисова О.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konorev M.R., Guryanova S.V., Tyshevich E.N., Pavlyukov R.A., Borisova O.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Конорев М.Р., Гурьянова С.В., Тышевич Е.Н., Павлюков Р.А., Борисова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/24442">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/24442</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Helicobacter pylori infection is a common bacterial infection in humans and is associated with peptic ulcer disease and chronic gastritis. The presence of natural resistance to some antibiotics in bacteria, as well as the appearance of primary and secondary resistance to antibacterial agents, complicates treatment and determines the search for new methods of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-year complex treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer associated with H.pylori , 136 patients (96 men, 40 women; mean age 45.8 ± 14.8 years; 18-65 years). H.pylori was determined morphologically and by rapid urease test one day before the start of therapy, after 1, 6, 12 months, 2 years, 5 and 10 years. Patients of the first group received basic therapy: omeprazole 0.02 g 2 times a day, clarithromycin 0.5 g 2 times a day, amoxicillin 1 g 2 times a day, for 10 days (OCA group 1; n = 98). Patients of the second group, in addition to the basic therapy, took 1 mg per day drug Liсopid (group 2 OСAL; n = 38). At the 1st stage of the clinical study, 130 patients completed eradication therapy. Tracking completeness was 96 %. The frequency of H.pylori eradication after per protocol treatment: OCA - 83 % (95 % CI: 75 %-91 %), OCAL - 97 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 92 %-100 %). The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment (per protocol): OCA - 26 % (95 % CI: 17-35 %; nausea; n = 24), discontinued treatment - 5 % (95 % CI: 0.8 %-10 %; diarrhea; n = 5); OCAL - 3 % (95 % CI: 0.01 %-8 %; nausea; n = 1), all were treated. Taking the drug Liсopid 1 mg (glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide, JSC Peptek, Russia) as part of complex therapy contributed to the elimination of H.pylori and the absence of relapses for 2 years. Observation of patients in the next 5 and 10 years also showed the advantage of including the immunomodulator in therapy: a significant 15 % decrease in H.pylori reinfection (P &lt;0.05), a 23 % decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal adverse reactions (P&lt;0.01), compared with a 10-day standard triple regimen without immunomodulatory therapy with glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide. When using several antibiotics in H.pylori eradication therapy, not only pathogenic, but also commensal microorganisms are destroyed, the waste products of which are vital and maintain immune homeostasis, including through the NOD2 receptors of innate immunity. The effectiveness of the complex therapy of H.pylori infection can be explained by the fact that the drug Liсopid compensates for the signal for innate immunity receptors that is missing due to the absence of commensals, providing an adequate immune response and preventing chronicity and recurrence of infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инфекция Helicobacter pylori относится к распространенным бактериальным инфекциям человека и ассоциирована с язвенной болезнью и хроническим гастритом. Наличие у бактерии природной резистентности к некоторым антибиотикам, а также появление первичной и вторичной устойчивости к антибактериальным средствам осложняет лечение и обуславливает поиск новых способов терапии. Целью настоящего исследования явилась оценка эффективности и безопасности 10-летнего комплексного лечения 136 пациентов с язвой двенадцатиперстной кишки. Для идентификации H.pylori в двух группах использовали быстрый уреазный тест и морфологические исследования. Эндоскопическое обследование проводили за один день до начала терапии, через 1, 6, 12 месяцев, 2 года, 5 и 10 лет. Пациенты первой группы принимали базисную терапию: дважды в сутки омепразол по 0,02 г, кларитромицин 0,5 г 2 раза в сутки, амоксициллин 1 г 2 раза в сутки, в течение 10 дней (1 группа ОКА; n=98). Пациенты второй группы в дополнение к базисной терапии в течение 10 дней принимали 1мг в день препарат Ликопид (2 группа ОКАЛ; n=38). На 1-ом этапе клинического исследования закончили эрадикационную терапию 130 пациентов. Полнота отслеживания составила 96 %. Частота эрадикации H.pylori после лечения per protocol: ОКА - 83 % (95 % ДИ: 75 %-91 %), ОКАЛ - 97 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ): 92 %-100 %). Частота развития побочных реакций после лечения (per protocol): ОКА - 26 % (95 % ДИ: 17-35 %; тошнота; n=24), прекратили лечение - 5 % (95 % ДИ: 0,8 %-10 %; диарея; n=5); ОКАЛ - 3 % (95 % ДИ: 0,01 %-8 %; тошнота; n=1), все прошли лечение. Прием препарата Ликопид 1 мг (глюкозаминилмурамилдипептид, АО Пептек, Россия) в составе комплексной терапии способствовал элиминации H.pylori и отсутствию рецидивов в течение 2 лет. Наблюдение за пациентами в последующие 5 и 10 лет также показало преимущество включения иммуномодулятора в терапию: достоверное снижение на 15 % реинфекции H.pylori (Р&lt;0,05), снижение частоты побочных реакций со стороны ЖКТ на 23 % (Р&lt;0,01), по сравнению с 10-ти дневной стандартной тройной схемой без иммуномодулирующей терапии глюкозаминилмурамилдипептидом. При использовании нескольких антибиотиков в эрадикационной терапии H.pylori уничтожаются не только патогенные, но и комменсальные микроорганизмы, продукты жизнедеятельности которых являются жизненно необходимыми и поддерживают иммунный гомеостаз, в том числе через NOD2 рецепторы врожденного иммунитета. Эффективность комплексной терапии инфекции H.pylori может быть объяснена тем, что препарат Ликопид компенсирует недостающий в связи с отсутствием комменсалов сигнал для рецепторов врожденного иммунитета, обеспечивая адекватный иммунный ответ и препятствуя хронизации и рецидивированию инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>duodenal ulcer</kwd><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>Licopid</kwd><kwd>glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide</kwd><kwd>eradication</kwd><kwd>recurrence</kwd><kwd>reinfection</kwd><kwd>immunomodulatory therapy</kwd><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язва двенадцатиперстной кишки</kwd><kwd>ликопид</kwd><kwd>глюкозаминилмурамилдипептид</kwd><kwd>эрадикация</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>реинфекция</kwd><kwd>иммуномодулирующая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malfertheiner P., Megraud F., O’Morain C.A., et al. 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