RUDN Journal of MedicineRUDN Journal of MedicineВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина2313-02452313-0261Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2340010.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-1-105-113IMMUNOLOGYИММУНОЛОГИЯReview ArticleSignificance of pathogenicity factors in initiation of immune response in Helicobacter pylori infectionЗначение факторов патогенности в инициации иммунного ответа при инфекции Helicobacter pyloriMatveevaL. V.МатвееваЛ. В.MatveevaLjubov1@mail.ruKapkaevaR. H.КапкаеваР. Х.MatveevaLjubov1@mail.ruChudajkinA. N.ЧудайкинА. Н.MatveevaLjubov1@mail.ruNovikovaL. V.НовиковаЛ. В.MatveevaLjubov1@mail.ruNational Research Ogarev Mordovia State UniversityНациональный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарёва15122020241VOL 24, NO1 (2020)ТОМ 24, №1 (2020)10511308042020Copyright ©; 2020, Matveeva L.V., Kapkaeva R.H., Chudajkin A.N., Novikova L.V.Copyright ©; 2020, Матвеева Л.В., Капкаева Р.Х., Чудайкин А.Н., Новикова Л.В.2020Matveeva L.V., Kapkaeva R.H., Chudajkin A.N., Novikova L.V.Матвеева Л.В., Капкаева Р.Х., Чудайкин А.Н., Новикова Л.В.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/23400

Helicobacter pylori is a unique microorganism capable of long-term colonization of the gastric mucosa, induction of the inflammatory process, antigenic mimicry and immune evasia. Flagella proteins, adhesins, invasive and aggressive enzymes, cytotoxin-associated protein, vacuolating cytotoxin can have a damaging effect on stomach epithelial cells. Recognition of molecular patterns of Helicobacter pylori by stomach cell receptors initiates activation of adapter proteins, protein kinases and transcription factors, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, infiltration by neutrophilic granulocytes, absorption and killing of microorganisms by phagocytes with presentation of antigens to lymphocytes, while the activity and completeness of phagocytosis remain at a low level. Activation of CD8+-, CD16+- lymphocytes is accompanied by cytotoxic effect on both Helicobacter pylori and epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. Weak immunogenicity of Helicobacter pylori antigens limits the production of anti-Helicobacter antibodies. Thus, activation of immune factors, in most cases, does not lead to complete elimination of the pathogen, but can aggravate the pathomorphological changes of the gastric epithelium.

Helicobacter pylori является уникальным микроорганизмом, способным к длительной колонизации слизистой оболочки желудка, индукции воспалительного процесса, антигенной мимикрии и иммунной эвазии. Белки жгутиков, адгезины, ферменты инвазивности и агрессивности, цитотоксин-ассоциированный протеин, вакуолизирующий цитотоксин могут оказывать повреждающее действие на эпителиоциты желудка. Распознавание молекулярных паттернов Helicobacter pylori рецепторами клеток желудка инициирует активацию адаптерных белков, протеинкиназ и транскрипционных факторов, приводя к продукции провоспалительных цитокинов, инфильтрации нейтрофильными гранулоцитами, поглощению и киллингу микроорганизмов фагоцитами с презентацией антигенов лимфоцитам, при этом активность и завершенность фагоцитоза остаются на низком уровне. Активация CD8+-, CD16+-лимфоцитов сопровождается цитотоксическим действием как на Helicobacter pylori , так и на эпителиоциты слизистой желудка. Слабая иммуногенность антигенов Helicobacter pylori ограничивает продукцию антихеликобактерных антител. Таким образом, активация иммунных факторов в большинстве случаев не приводит к полной элиминации патогена, но может усугублять патоморфологические изменения желудочного эпителия.

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