<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2019-23-2-156-167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HOW ACTIVE SHOULD BE SURGICAL TACTIC IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НАСКОЛЬКО АКТИВНОЙ ДОЛЖНА БЫТЬ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ ТАКТИКА ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С ОСТРЫМ ХОЛЕЦИСТИТОМ?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Natroshvili</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Натрошвили</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>surgery.kislovodsk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prudkov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прудков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>surgery.kislovodsk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 23, NO2 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 23, №2 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Natroshvili I.G., Prudkov M.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Натрошвили И.Г., Прудков М.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Natroshvili I.G., Prudkov M.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Натрошвили И.Г., Прудков М.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/21355">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/21355</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most common surgical diagnoses in emergency setting. Despite its high incidence there remains a range of treatment approaches. There is growing evidence in support of performing early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis but the definition of early operation varies from 0 through 10 days from onset or admission. The optimum time to perform cholecystectomy is still controversial. Aim. To determine the best practice for the patients presenting with AC focused on patients characteristics, timing of surgery, disease severity and intra- and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods. A multicentric retrospective study was conducted and included 754 patients operated for acute cholecystitis at 8 hospitals in 4 cities of Russian Federation (Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Volgograd, Kislovodsk) during 1 year period (from Jan 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2011). Median time from symptoms onset to hospitalization varied from 15 to 72 hours, and median time spent at hospitals before operation was 9-71 hours. Results. We found that optimal time for cholecystectomy is 60 hours from the onset of symptoms in Grade I AC (TG18) and 36 hours for patients with Grade II of the disease. Delay of the operation beyond this time leads to more difficult cholecystectomies and higher complication rates. We compared results of the surgical treatment of AC in 2 groups of patients, operated in median 9 [4; 13] and 50 [29; 88] hours from admission using propensity score matching technique. Rate of Grade I AC in the 1st group was higher (59,8% vs 17,0%, p &lt; 0,001) and incidences of gangrenous cholecystitis (15,3% vs 34,1%, p &lt; 0,001) and difficult cholecystectomies (28,4% vs 41,5%, p=0,003) were lower. The Integral Complications Severity Index (based on Accordion classification and takes into account all intra- and postoperative complications and summarizes their respective severity) was also lower in the 1st group. Conclusions. The optimal time for cholecystectomy for mild (Grade I) acute cholecystitis is 60 hours of presentation of disease and for Grade II - 36 hours from symptoms onset. Cholecystectomy performed after short trial conservative treatment in 6-8 hours from admission yielded the best outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острый холецистит - одно из наиболее частых острых хирургических заболеваний. Несмотря на частую встречаемость, до настоящего времени нет единой тактики хирургического лечения больных с этой патологией. Опубликованы исследования, подтверждающие преимущества ранних холецистэктомий, однако само понятие «ранняя операция» относится к вмешательствам, выполняемых от момента госпитализации и до 10 суток. Отсутствует и общепризнанное мнение об оптимальном сроке холецистэктомии. Цель работы: определить оптимальные хирургическую тактику и сроки оперативного лечения больных с острым холециститом. Материалы и методы. Проведено многоцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование, в которое были включены все 754 пациента, оперированные в 8 стационарах городов Москва, Екатеринбург, Волгоград и Кисловодск РФ в течение одного года (c 1 января 2011 г. по 31 декабря 2011 г.) по поводу острого холецистита. Медиана срока от заболевания до поступления варьировала от 15 до 72 ч, а времени от госпитализации до операции от 9 до 71 ч. Результаты. Оптимальный срок выполнения холецистэктомии у больных острым холециститом легкой степени составляет 60 часов, а средней степени - 36 часов от начала заболевания. Задержка операции свыше этого срока приводит к усложнению вмешательства и увеличению частоты осложнений. Мы сравнили результаты хирургического лечения больных с острым холециститом легкой и средней степеней тяжести с использованием метода псевдорандомизации в двух группах пациентов - оперированных в среднем через 9 (4; 13) и 50 (29; 88) часов от поступления. Частота острого холецистита легкой степени была выше (59,8% против17,0%, p&lt;0,001), а частота гангренозного холецистита (15,3% против 34,1%, p &lt; 0,001) и сложных холецистэктомий (28,4% против 41,5%, p = 0,003), а также интегральный индекс тяжести осложнений были ниже в первой группе. Заключение. Полученные нами данные свидетельствуют о том, что попытку консервативного купирования острого холецистита легкой степени тяжести целесообразно завершать и оперировать больных не позднее 60 часов, а средней степени - 36 часов от начала заболевания. Принятие тактических решений после завершения первого курса пробной консервативной терапии (6-8 часов с момента поступления больного острым холециститом) снижает степень сложности операций, частоту и тяжесть их осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cute cholecystitis</kwd><kwd>cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>complication score</kwd><kwd>surgical timing</kwd><kwd>multicenter trial</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый холецистит</kwd><kwd>холецистэктомия</kwd><kwd>многоцентровое исследование</kwd><kwd>тяжесть осложнений</kwd><kwd>хирургическая тактика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takada T, и др. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25(1):55-72. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okamoto K., Suzuki K., Takada T., Strasberg S.M., Asbun H.J., Endo I., et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis // J. Hepatobiliary. Pancreat. Sci. 2018. V. 25, N 1. P. 55-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsional'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii «Ostryj kholetsistit». [National clinical recommendations “Acute cholecystitis”] 2015. Available from: http://xn----9sbdbejx7 bdduahou3a5d.xn--p1ai/upload/acute_cholecystitis.pdf. Accessed: Dec 28, 2018. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальные клинические рекомендации «Острый холецистит». Ростов-на-Дону, 2015. Режим доступа: http://xn----9sbdbejx7bdduahou3a5d.xn--p1ai/upload/ acute_cholecystitis.pdf. Дата обращения: 28.12.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loozen CS, Oor JE, van Ramshorst B, van Santvoort HC, Boerma D. Conservative treatment of acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(2):504-515. doi: 10.1007/s00464-016-5011-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loozen C.S., Oor J.E., van Ramshorst B., van Santvoort H.C., Boerma D. Conservative treatment of acute cholecystitis systematic review and pooled analysis // Surg. Endosc. 2017. V. 31, N 2. P. 504-515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatzidakis AA, Prassopoulos P, Petinarakis I, и др. Acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients: percutaneous cholecystostomy vs conservative treatment. Eur Radiol. 2002; 12(7):1778-1784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatzidakis A.A., Prassopoulos P., Petinarakis I., Sanidas E., Chrysos E., Chalkiadakis G., et al. Acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients: percutaneous cholecystostomy vs conservative treatment // Eur Radiol. 2002. V. 12, N 7. P. 1778-1784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolov AS, Gulyayev AA. Ostryj kholetsistit: sovremennye metody lecheniya. [Acute cholecystitis: modern methods of treatment]. Lechashhij vrach. 2005;(2):16-18. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолов А.С., Гуляев А.А. Острый холецистит: современные методы лечения // Лечащий врач. 2005. № 2. С. 16-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutt CN, Encke J, Köninger J, и др. Acute cholecystitis: early versus delayed cholecystectomy, a multicenter randomized trial (ACDC study, NCT00447304). Ann Surg. 2013; 258(3):385-393. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182a1599b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutt C.N., Encke J., Köninger J., Harnoss J.-C., Weigand K., Kipfmüller K., et al. Acute cholecystitis: early versus delayed cholecystectomy, a multicenter randomized trial (ACDC study, NCT00447304) // Ann. Surg. 2013. V. 258, N 3. P. 385-393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozkardeş AB, Tokaç M, Dumlu EG, и др. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a prospective, randomized study. Int Surg. 2014; 99(1):56-61. doi: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00068.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozkardeş A.B., Tokaç M., Dumlu E.G., Bozkurt B., Ciftçi A.B., Yetişir F., et al. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis prospective, randomized study // Int. Surg. International College of Surgeons, 2014. V. 99. N 1. P. 56-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gul R, Dar RA, Sheikh RA, Salroo NA, Matoo AR, Wani SH. Comparison of early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: experience from a single center. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(7):414-418. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.115783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gul R., Dar R.A., Sheikh R.A., Salroo N.A., Matoo A.R., Wani S.H. Comparison of early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: experience from a single center // N. Am. J. Med. Sci. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications, 2013. V. 5, N 7. P. 414-418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saber A, Hokkam EN. Operative Outcome and Patient Satisfaction in Early and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis. Minim Invasive Surg. 2014;2014:1-4. doi: 10.1155/2014/162643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saber A., Hokkam E.N. Operative Outcome and Patient Satisfaction in Early and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis // Minim. Invasive Surg. Hindawi Limited, 2014. V. 2014. P. 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolla SB, Aggarwal S, Kumar A, и др. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2004; 18(9):1323-1327. doi: 10.1007/s00464-003-9230-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolla S.B., Aggarwal S., Kumar A., Kumar R., Chumber S., Parshad R., et al. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis prospective randomized trial // Surg Endosc. 2004. V. 18, N 9. P. 1323-1327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurusamy K, Samraj K, Gluud C, Wilson E, Davidson BR. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg. 2010;97(2):141-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurusamy K., Samraj K., Gluud C., Wilson E., Davidson B.R. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis // Br J Surg. 2010. V. 97, N 2. P. 141-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Mestral C, Rotstein OD, Laupacis A, и др. Comparative Operative Outcomes of Early and Delayed Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis. Ann Surg. 2014; 259(1):10-15. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182a5cf36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Mestral C., Rotstein O.D., Laupacis A., Hoch J.S., Zagorski B., Alali A.S., et al. Comparative Operative Outcomes of Early and Delayed Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis // Ann. Surg. 2014. V. 259, N 1. P. 10-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerwat D, Zargaran A, Bharamgoudar R, и др. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more cost-effective than delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2018; 10:119-125. doi:10.2147/CEOR.S149924</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerwat D., Zargaran A., Bharamgoudar R., Arif N., Bello G., Sharma B., et al. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more cost-effective than delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis // Clinicoecon. Outcomes Res. Dove Press, 2018. V. 10. P. 119-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu X-D, Tian X, Liu M-M, Wu L, Zhao S, Zhao L. Meta-analysis comparing early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg. 2015;102(11):1302-1313. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9886.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu X.-D., Tian X., Liu M.-M., Wu L., Zhao S., Zhao L. Meta-analysis comparing early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis // Br. J. Surg. 2015. V. 102, N 11. P. 1302-1313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johner A, Raymakers A, Wiseman SM. Cost utility of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(1):256-262. doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2430-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johner A., Raymakers A., Wiseman S.M. Cost utility of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis // Surg. Endosc. 2013. V. 27, N 1. P. 256-262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goh JC, Tan JK, Lim JW, Shridhar IG, Madhavan K, Kow AW. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: an analysis of early versus delayed cholecystectomy and predictive factors for conversion. Minerva Chir. 2017;72(6):455-463. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4733.17. 07412-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goh J.C., Tan J.K., Lim J.W., Shridhar I.G., Madhavan K., Kow A.W. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitisn analysis of early versus delayed cholecystectomy and predictive factors for conversion // Minerva Chir. 2017. V. 72, N 6. P. 455-463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks KR, Scarborough JE, Vaslef SN, Shapiro ML. No need to wait: an analysis of the timing of cholecystectomy during admission for acute cholecystitis using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74:167-174. doi: 10.1097/ TA.0b013e3182788b71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks K.R., Scarborough J.E., Vaslef S.N., Shapiro M.L. No need to waitn analysis of the timing of cholecystectomy during admission for acute cholecystitis using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database // J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013. V. 74. P. 167-174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Mestral C, Hoch JS, Laupacis A, и др. Early Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis Offers the Best Outcomes at the Least Cost: A Model-Based Cost-Utility Analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2016;222(2). doi: 10.1016/ j.jamcollsurg.2015.10.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Mestral C., Hoch J.S., Laupacis A., Wijeysundera H.C., Rotstein O.D., Alali A.S., et al. Early Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis Offers the Best Outcomes at the Least Cost Model-Based Cost-Utility Analysis // J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2016. V. 222, N 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohga A, Suzuki K, Okumura T, и др. Outcomes of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis performed at a single institution. Asian J Endosc Surg. апрель 2018. doi: 10.1111/ases.12487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohga A., Suzuki K., Okumura T., Yamashita K., Isogaki J., Kawabe A., et al. Outcomes of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis performed at a single institution // Asian J. Endosc. Surg. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banz V, Gsponer T, Candinas D, Güller U. Population-based analysis of 4113 patients with acute cholecystitis: Defining the optimal time-point for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 2011;254(6):964-970. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318228d31c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banz V., Gsponer T., Candinas D., Güller U. Population-based analysis of 4113 patients with acute cholecystitis: Defining the optimal time-point for laparoscopic cholecystectomy // Ann. Surg. 2011. V. 254, N 6. P. 964-970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koti RS, Davidson CJ, Davidson BR. Surgical management of acute cholecystitis. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2015;400(4):403-419. doi: 10.1007/s00423-015-1306-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koti R.S., Davidson C.J., Davidson B.R. Surgical management of acute cholecystitis // Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2015. V. 400, N 4. P. 403-419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papi C, Catarci M, D’Ambrosio L, и др. Timing of cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(1):147-155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papi C., Catarci M., D’Ambrosio L., Gili L., Koch M., Grassi G.B., et al. Timing of cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis meta-analysis // Am J Gastroenterol. 2004. V. 99, N 1. P. 147-155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blohm M, Österberg J, Sandblom G, Lundell L, Hedberg M, Enochsson L. The Sooner, the Better? The Importance of Optimal Timing of Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: Data from the National Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery, GallRiks. J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;21(1). doi: 10.1007/s11605-016-3223-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blohm M., Österberg J., Sandblom G., Lundell L., Hedberg M., Enochsson L. The Sooner, the Better? The Importance of Optimal Timing of Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: Data from the National Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery, GallRiks // J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2017. V. 21, N 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu H, Chan EE-H, Lingam P, и др. Index admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis restores Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) score. Ann hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surg. 2018;22(1): 58-65. doi: 10.14701/ahbps.2018.22.1.58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu H., Chan E.E.-H., Lingam P., Lee J., Woon W.W.L., Low J.K., et al. Index admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis restores Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) score // Ann. hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surg. 2018. V. 22, N 1. P. 58-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov NA, Aronov LS, Kharitonov SV, Brontvein AT, Ziniakova MV. Vybor taktiki, srokov i metoda provedeniya operatsii pri ostrom kholetsistite. [Choice of the policy, terms, and method of surgery in acute cholecystitis]. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2003;(5):35-40. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов Н.А., Аронов Л.С., Харитонов С.В., Бронтвейн А.Т., Зинякова М.В. Выбор тактики, сроков и метода проведения операции при остром холецистите // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2003. № 5. С. 35-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohga A, Suzuki K, Okumura T, и др. Is postponed laparoscopic cholecystectomy justified for acute cholecystitis appearing early after onset? Asian J Endosc Surg. март 2018. doi: 10.1111/ases.12482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohga A., Suzuki K., Okumura T., Yamashita K., Isogaki J., Kawabe A., et al. Is postponed laparoscopic cholecystectomy justified for acute cholecystitis appearing early after onset? // Asian J. Endosc. Surg. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roulin D, Saadi A, Di Mare L, Demartines N, Halkic N. Early versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, are the 72 hours still the rule?: A randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2016;264(5):717-722. doi: 10.1097/ SLA.0000000000001886</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roulin D., Saadi A., Di Mare L., Demartines N., Halkic N. Early versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, are the 72 hours still the rule?: A randomized trial // Ann. Surg. 2016. V. 264, N 5. P. 717-722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catani M, Modini C. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: a proposal of safe and effective technique. Hepatogastroenterology. 2007;54(80):2186-2191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catani M., Modini C. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis proposal of safe and effective technique // Hepatogastroenterology. 2007. V. 54, N 80. P. 2186-2191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catani M, De Milito R, Romagnoli F, и др. The best timing of surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: when and how is to be performed. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008;55(88):1993-1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catani M., De Milito R., Romagnoli F., Petroni R., Luciani G., Ricciardulli T., et al. The best timing of surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: when and how is to be performed // Hepatogastroenterology. 2008. V. 55, N 88. P. 1993-1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polo M, Duclos A, Polazzi S, и др. Acute Cholecystitis - Optimal Timing for Early Cholecystectomy: a French Nationwide Study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(11): 2003-2010. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015-2909-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polo M., Duclos A., Polazzi S., Payet C., Lifante J.C., Cotte E., et al. Acute Cholecystitis - Optimal Timing for Early Cholecystectomy French Nationwide Study // J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2015. V. 19, N 11. P. 2003-2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov VA, Airapetov DV, Makarochkin AG. Vsegda li nuzhno kupirovat' pristup ostrogo kal'kuleznogo kholetsistita metodami konservativnoj terapii? [Is Always Necessary to Arrest Conservatively an Acute Cholecystitis Attack?] Аnnaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii [Annals of Surgical Hepatology]. 2002;2(3):51-57. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов В.А., Айрапетов Д.В., Макарочкин А.Г., Прокопов А.Ю. Всегда ли нужно купировать приступ острого калькулезного холецистита методами консервативной терапии? // Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2002. Т. 2, № 3. С. 51-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu JX, Nguyen AT, De Virgilio C, и др. Can it wait until morning? A comparison of nighttime versus daytime cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. В: American Journal of Surgery. Т 208; 2014. doi: 10.1016/ j.amjsurg.2014.09.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu J.X., Nguyen A.T., De Virgilio C., Plurad D.S., Kaji A.H., Nguyen V., et al. Can it wait until morning? A comparison of nighttime versus daytime cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis // American Journal of Surgery. 2014. V. 208, N 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuschieri A, Berci G. Laparoscopic Biliary Surgery. Oxford, London, Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publication; 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuschieri A., Berci G. Laparoscopic Biliary Surgery. Oxford, London, Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publication, 1992. 96-116, 134-142 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natroshvili I, Prudkov M, Shulutko A. Integral assessment of risk and severity of complications of surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis. Georgian Med News. 2018;(282):7-11. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Натрошвили И.Г., Прудков М.И., Шулутко А.М. Интегральная оценка риска и тяжести осложнений хирургического лечения острого холецистита // Georgian Med. News. 2018. N 282. P. 7-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grjibovski AM, Ivanov SV, Gorbatova МA, Dyussupov AA. Propensity Score Matching as a Modern Statistical Method for Bias Control in Observational Studies with Continuous Outcome Variable. Ekologiya cheloveka [Human Ecology]. 2016, 7:51-60. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гржибовский А.М., Иванов С.В., Горбатова М.А., Дюсупов А.А. Псевдорандомизация (propensity score matching) как современный статистический метод устранения систематических различий сравниваемых групп при анализе количественных исходов в обсервационных исследованиях // Экология человека. 2016. № 7. С. 51-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983;70(1):41-55. doi: 10.1093/biomet/ 70.1.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbaum P.R., Rubin D.B. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects // Biometrika. 1983. V. 70, N 1. P. 41-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
