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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20469</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2018-22-4-387-401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Stomatology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Дантистика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">OCCLUSIVE THERAPY OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ОККЛЮЗИОННАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ НАРУШЕНИЙ ФУНКЦИИ ВИСОЧНО-НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО СУСТАВА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5712-2067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chkhikvadze</surname><given-names>T V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чхиквадзе</surname><given-names>Т В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии, Медицинский институт РУДН</p></bio><email>mayach@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekreev</surname><given-names>V V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекреев</surname><given-names>В В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mayach@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO4 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №4 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>387</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Chkhikvadze T.V., Bekreev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Чхиквадзе Т.В., Бекреев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chkhikvadze T.V., Bekreev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чхиквадзе Т.В., Бекреев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/20469">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/20469</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents an analysis of research by a number of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the study of various occlusal splits, in particular, the mechanisms of their work, classification, their effectiveness in various forms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, the advantages and disadvantages of individual splits and materials, used in their manufacture. It should be noted that the use of occlusal splits in the complex treatment of TMJ disorders allows to achieve the normalization of spatial relations of intra-articular structures and to eliminate the chronic mechanical trauma of TMJ tissues. The choice of the optimal treatment method of the TMJ internal disorders is made with account of the nature of mandibular movements, of the joint disc displacement, the pain syndrome, its possible causes, and the presence of local and general aggravating factors. The dissipating appliances allow the joint disc to be positioned physiologically correctly relative to the mandible head and therapy eliminate the prerequisites for the TMJ dysfunction development. According to both Russian and foreign researchers, the use of dissipating appliances contributes to an increase in the effectiveness o conservative treatment of the TMJ dysfunction, as well as to the prevention of complications such as secondary osteoarthritis and uncontrolled displacement of the joint disc.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе представлен анализ исследований ряда отечественных и зарубежных авторов, посвященных изучению различных окклюзионных капп, в частности, механизмам их действия, классификации, их эффективности при различных формах поражения височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС), преимуществах и недостатках отдельных капп, а также материалов, используемых при их изготовлении. Как показал анализ представленных научных работ, использование окклюзионных капп в комплексном лечении нарушений функции ВНЧС позволяет достичь нормализации пространственных взаимоотношений внутрисуставных структур и устранить хроническую механическую травму тканей ВНЧС. Выбор оптимального метода лечения внутренних нарушений ВНЧС следует проводить с учетом положения головок нижней челюсти, характера смещения суставного диска, наличия или отсутствия болевого синдрома, возможных причин, его вызвавших, и существования местных и общих отягощающих факторов. Применение разобщающих капп позволяет установить суставной диск в физиологически правильное положение относительно головки нижней челюсти и тем самым устраняет предпосылки развития дисфункции ВНЧС. По мнению как российских, так и зарубежных исследователей, использование разобщающих капп способствует повышению эффективности консервативного лечения дисфункции ВНЧС, а также профилактике таких осложнений, как вторичный остеоартроз и не вправляемое смещение суставного диска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the temporomandibular joint disorders</kwd><kwd>articular disk</kwd><kwd>occlusal splits</kwd><kwd>classification of occlusal splits, operation mechanism of occlusal splits</kwd><kwd>materials for the manufacture of splits</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения функции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава</kwd><kwd>суставной диск</kwd><kwd>окклюзионные каппы</kwd><kwd>классификация окклюзионных капп, механизм действия окклюзионных капп</kwd><kwd>материалы для изготовления капп</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaivoronskaya M.G., Gaivoronskiy I.V., Nikolenko V.N. 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