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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Литературоведение. Журналистика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-9220</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-9247</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">38100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9220-2023-28-4-780-789</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EXDADM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Журналистика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Visual aspects of online political communication in Belarus during the political crisis of 2020</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Визуальные аспекты сетевой политической коммуникации Беларуси в период политического кризиса 2020 г.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-197X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuykina</surname><given-names>Kristina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуйкина</surname><given-names>Кристина Львовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Philology, senior researcher, Department of Sociology of Mass Communication</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, кафедра социологии массовых коммуникаций, факультет журналистики</p></bio><email>chris-zu@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Media and Crisis – Reversible Paradigms</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Медиа и кризис – реверс парадигмы в новой реальности?</issue-title><fpage>780</fpage><lpage>789</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Zuykina K.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Зуйкина К.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zuykina K.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуйкина К.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/literary-criticism/article/view/38100">https://journals.rudn.ru/literary-criticism/article/view/38100</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">An empirical study of the visual political communication via Telegram channels during the political crisis in Belarus in 2020 is introduced. The method of qualitative and quantitative content analysis was applied to 625 images and videos retrieved from competing Belarusian Telegram channels during two weeks before and after the election day of August 9, 2020. The results revealed both the general characteristics of the visual political communication in Belarusian Telegram sector and the way opposing political forces used visual content in the period under analysis. The pro-government channels maintained a value-oriented approach, engaging visuals to broadcast Belarusian values and state power symbols. Their visual content involved prominent public and political figures. The opposition channels applied visuals to denounce the authorities and their supporters, as well as to mobilize the opposition-minded Telegram users. They employed a greater variety of visual forms, relying mostly on user-generated content, e.g., live reports from protest sites. Visuals with protesting crowds, casualties, and opposition symbols were aimed at evoking a sense of involvement: they were meant to become triggers for transiting from online activism to actual offline protests.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Представлено эмпирическое исследование визуальной политической коммуникации в Telegram-каналах во время политического кризиса в Беларуси в 2020 г. Метод качественного и количественного контент-анализа применялся к 625 изображениям и видео, полученным из конкурирующих белорусских Telegram-каналов в течение двух недель до и после дня выборов 9 августа 2020 г. Определены общие характеристики визуальной политической коммуникации в белорусском секторе Telegram. Установлено, как противоборствующие политические силы использовали визуальный контент в анализируемый период. Проправительственные каналы придерживались ценностно ориентированного подхода, привлекая визуальные средства для трансляции белорусских ценностей и символов государственной власти. В их визуальном контенте задействовались известные общественные и политические деятели. Визуальный контент оппозиционных каналов служил обличению власти и ее сторонников, а также мобилизации оппозиционно настроенных пользователей Telegram. Они использовали большее разнообразие визуальных форм, опираясь в основном на пользовательский контент, например прямые репортажи с мест протестов. Визуальные образы с протестующими толпами, жертвами и символами оппозиции нацеливались на то, чтобы вызвать чувство причастности: они должны были стать триггерами для перехода от онлайн-активизма к реальным оффлайн-протестам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual communication</kwd><kwd>visual activism</kwd><kwd>Telegram channels</kwd><kwd>content analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>визуальная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>визуальный активизм</kwd><kwd>Telegram-каналы</kwd><kwd>контент-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Barbera, P., Casas, A., Nagler, J., Egan, P., Bonneau, R., Jost, J., &amp; Tucker, J. (2019). Who leads? Who follows? Measuring issue attention and agenda setting by legislators and the mass public using social media data. 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