<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Литературоведение. Журналистика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-9220</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-9247</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32312</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9220-2022-27-3-590-599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>JOURNALISM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Журналистика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison as a means of persuasion and a technique of manipulation: features of application in media space</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение как средство убеждения и инструмент манипуляции: особенности применения в медиапространстве</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-7033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusenskaya</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусенская</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Russian Language and Speech Culture Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры русского языка и культуры речи</p></bio><email>brusenskaya_l@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-8600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Russian Language and Speech Culture Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры русского языка и культуры речи</p></bio><email>irinabelyaeva23234@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>590</fpage><lpage>599</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Brusenskaya L.A., Belyaeva I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Брусенская Л.А., Беляева И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brusenskaya L.A., Belyaeva I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брусенская Л.А., Беляева И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/literary-criticism/article/view/32312">https://journals.rudn.ru/literary-criticism/article/view/32312</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Manipulative techniques of verbal communication have rather recently moved into the focus of research attention (classical rhetoric was focused on honest argumentation and touched upon the problem of manipulation only in terms of criticism of “unsuitable persuasion techniques” used by sophists). In numerous modern studies, virtually the entire tropic is considered to be manipulative techniques, and it remains unclear what transforms the method of enhancing figurativeness and expressiveness into a destructive method of latent influence. Of course, this ambiguity is generated by the essence of the object: to explain manipulativeness, it is necessary to dive into the spheres of the intentional, which is difficult to verify. However, it is extremely important to distinguish between the tropics in its original role, on the one hand, and tropics used for manipulative purposes, on the other. Based on discursive analysis, which makes it possible to identify manipulation, using the inductive-deductive method and the method of linguopragmatic analysis, the authors study the conditions under which the use of linguistic means in general and the comparison trope in particular becomes manipulative. On the example of the trope comparison the authors attempt to clarify the conditions of its incorrect, it means manipulative, use. Manipulation is destructive, even if it bases on the tropics, and therefore for the cultivation of public space it is necessary to detect this technique.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Манипулятивные приемы вербальной коммуникации сравнительно недавно переместились в фокус исследовательского внимания (классическая риторика была сосредоточена на честной аргументации и затрагивала проблему манипулирования только в части критики «негодных приемов убеждения», которыми пользовались софисты). В многочисленных современных исследованиях к манипулятивным приемам причисляется фактически вся тропика, и остается неясным, что переводит способ усиления изобразительности и выразительности в деструктивный прием скрытного воздействия. Конечно, эта неясность порождается природой объекта: для объяснения манипулятивности необходимо погружаться в сферы интенционального, с трудом поддающегося верификации. Однако разграничивать тропику в ее исконной роли, с одной стороны, и в манипулятивных целях, с другой, - чрезвычайно важно. С помощью дискурсивного анализа, позволяющего идентифицировать манипуляцию, с использованием индуктивно-дедуктивного метода и метода лингвопрагматического анализа анализируются условия, при которых применение языковых средств вообще и тропа «сравнение» в частности становится манипулятивным. Делается попытка на примере тропа «сравнение» прояснить условия его некорректного, то есть манипулятивного, использования. Манипуляция деструктивна, даже если опирается на тропику, потому для окультуривания публичного пространства ее нужно хорошо опознавать.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>verbal manipulation</kwd><kwd>persuasion</kwd><kwd>tropes</kwd><kwd>figures of speech</kwd><kwd>comparison</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вербальная манипуляция</kwd><kwd>убеждение</kwd><kwd>тропы</kwd><kwd>фигуры речи</kwd><kwd>сравнение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR and MES RSO, project No. 21-512-07002 “Various-Level Speech Constituents of Conflict Communication.”</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и МОНРЮО в рамках научного проекта № 21-512-07002 «Разноуровневые речевые конституенты конфликтной коммуникации».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnhill, A. (2014). What is manipulation? In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 51–73). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляева И.В. Феномен речевой манипуляции: лингвоюридические аспекты: монография. Ростов н/Д.: СКАГС, 2009. 244 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baron, M. (2014). The men’s rea and moral status of manipulation. In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 98–121). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Запрягаева М.Я., Шишлянникова А.М. Приемы вербального и невербального манипулятивного воздействия в телевизионной коммуникации (на материале ток-шоу «60 минут») // Медиалингвистика. Вып. 8. Язык в координатах массмедиа: материалы V Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, 30 июня - 2 июля 2021 г.) / науч. ред. Л.Р. Дускаева, отв. ред. А.А. Малышев. СПб.: Медиапапир, 2021. С. 262-266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaeva, I.V. (2009). The phenomenon of speech manipulation: Linguistic and legal aspects. Rostov-on-Done: Publishing House of North Caucasus Academy of Public Service. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карамова А.А. Манипулятивный потенциал грамматических средств в современном политическом дискурсе // Вестник Волжского университета имени В.Н. Татищева. 2016. Т. 1. № 3. С. 84-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cave, E.M. (2014). Unsavory seduction and manipulation. In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 176–201). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кара-Мурза С.Г. Манипуляция сознанием. М.: ЭКСМО-пресс. 2002. 490 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karamova, A.A. (2016). Manipulative potential of grammatical means in modern political discourse. Proceedings of Volga State University named after V.N. Tatishchev, 1(3), 84–90. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карасик В.И. Языковая спираль: ценности, знаки, мотивы. Волгоград: Парадигма, 2015. 432 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kara-Murza, S.G. (2002). Manipulation of consciousness. Moscow: EKSMO-Press. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копнина Г.А. Контрманипуляция в речевой коммуникации: некоторые перспективы изучения // Коммуникативные исследования. 2018. № 2 (16). С. 7-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karasik, V.I. (2015). Language spiral: Values, signs, motives. Volgograd: Paradigma Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликова Э.Г. Вербальное манипулирование как нарушение этико-речевых норм // Гуманитарные и социальные науки. 2017. № 3. С. 66-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazagerov, G.G. (2006). Party, power and rhetoric. Moscow: Evropa Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобас П.П. Тропика, синонимика, топика как средства убеждения и манипулирования (на материале текстов общественно-политической тематики): автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. Ростов н/Д., 2011. 19 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klejberg, Yu. (2013). Epatage and manipulation: Concept and deviantological nature. Proceedings of the Moscow State University. Psychological Sciences, (4), 41–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моровов Д.В. Вербальные средства манипуляции в русскоязычном экстремистском тексте (на материале Рунета): автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. Н. Новгород. 2016. 24 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopnina, G.A. (2018). Countermanipulation in speech communication: Some perspectives of study. Communicative Research, (2), 7–19. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Навасартян Л.Г. Языковые средства и речевые приемы манипуляции информацией в СМИ (на материале российских газет): дис. … канд. филол. наук. Саратов, 2017. 172 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikova, E.G. (2017). Verbal manipulation as a violation of ethical and speech norms. Humanities and Social Sciences, (3), 66–75. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрова М.В. Речевая контрманипуляция в русскоязычных видеоблогах: дис. … канд. филол. наук. Красноярск, 2020. 153 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lobas, P.P. (2011). Tropics, synonymy, topic as a means of persuasion and manipulation (based on the material of socio-political texts). Abstract of PhD. Philol. Sci. Dis.Rostov-on-Don. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радбиль Т.Б. Манипулятивный потенциал метаязыковых комментариев в языке современных русских интернет-СМИ // Язык и речь в Интернете: личность, общество, коммуникация, культура: сборник статей VI Международной научно-практической конференции (РУДН, 21-22 апреля 2022 года): 2 т. Т. 1. М.: РУДН, 2022. С. 8-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manne, K. (2014). Non-Machiavellian manipulation and the opacity of motive. In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 221–247). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хазагеров Г.Г. Партия, власть и риторика. М.: Европа, 2006. 48 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills, C. (2014). Manipulation as an aesthetic flaw. In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 135–151). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шагбанова Х.С. Языковые средства речевого манипулирования // Теории и проблемы политических исследований. 2020. Т. 9. № 5А. С. 72-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morovov, D.V. (2016). Verbal means of manipulation in the Russian-language extremist text (based on the Runet material). Abstract of PhD. Philol. Sci. Dis. Nizhniy Novgorod. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnhill A. What is manipulation? // Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 51-73. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navasartyan, L.G. (2017). Linguistic means and speech techniques of manipulation by information in media (based on the material of Russian newspapers). PhD. Philol. Sci. Dis. Saratov. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baron M. The men’s rea and moral status of manipulation. Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 98-121. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrova, M.V. (2020). Speech counter manipulation in Russian-language video blogs. PhD. Philol. Sci. Dis. Krasnoyarsk. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cave E.M. Unsavory seduction and manipulation // Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 176-201. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radbil, T.B. (2022). Manipulative potential of metalanguage comments in the language of modern Russian Internet media. Language and Speech on the Internet: Personality, Society, Communication, Culture: Proceedings of 6th International Scientific and Practical Conference (vol. 1, pp. 8–15). Moscow: RUDN University. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klejberg Yu. Epatage and manipulation: concept and deviantological nature // Вестник МГОУ. Психологические науки. 2013. № 4. C. 41-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashkin, H., Choi, E., Yea Jang, J., Volkova, S., &amp; Choi, Y. (2017). Truth of varying shades: Analyzing language in fake news and political fact-checking. Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (pp. 2931–2937). Copenhagen: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manne K. Non-Machiavellian manipulation and the opacity of motive // Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 221-247. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shagbanova, H.S. (2020). Linguistic means of speech manipulation. Theories and Problems of Political Research, 9(5A), 72–80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills C. Manipulation as an aesthetic flaw // Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 135-151. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood, A.W. (2014). Coercion, manipulation, exploitation. In C. Coons &amp; M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 17–51). New York: Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashkin H., Choi E., Yea Jang J., Volkova S., Choi Y. Truth of varying shades: analyzing language in fake news and political fact-checking // Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Copenhagen: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. Pp. 2931-2937. http://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapryagaeva, M.Ya., &amp; Shishlyannikova, A.M. (2018). Techniques of verbal and nonverbal manipulative influence in TV communication (based on the material of the talk show “60 minutes”). Media Linguistics. Language in the Coordinates of Mass Media: Proceedings of 5th International Scientific Conference (issue 8, pp. 262–266). St. Petersburg: Mediapapir Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood A.W. Coercion, manipulation, exploitation // Manipulation: theory and practice / ed. by C. Coons, M. Weber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 17-51. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
