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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52499</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-50170</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NPOZHD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The construction of extremism in the ecology of language: A case of Great Replacement discourse</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Конструирование экстремизма в экологии языка (на примере дискурса Великого замещения)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-4019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>holds a habilitation in linguistics and is a full professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры английского языка № 3</p></bio><email>andrey.druzhinin.89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5208-6122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramírez</surname><given-names>Diego A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамирез</surname><given-names>Диего А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postdoctoral researcher and visiting lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>постдокторант и приглашенный преподаватель</p></bio><email>diegoconramirez@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO-University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Autonomous University of Mexico</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный автономный университет Мексики</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 30, NO3 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 30, №3 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>610</fpage><lpage>634</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Druzhinin A.S., Ramírez D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Дружинин А.С., Рамирез Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Druzhinin A., Ramírez D.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Druzhinin A.S., Ramírez D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дружинин А.С., Рамирез Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Druzhinin A., Ramírez D.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/52499">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/52499</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>While Renaud Camus’ “Great Replacement” (GR) theory demonstrates the profound power of language to affect human behavior, it remains unclear how the text constructs a weaponized, imagined environment that actors mistake for their physical, perceived reality. The paper focuses on this ecolinguistic effect of GR discourse. Using methods of a systems approach and critical discourse analysis, we examine the English edition of You Will Not Replace Us! The aim of the study is to trace how the text becomes embedded within a specific cognitive ecology, rather than functioning as a statement about an external world. We establish that this ecological embeddedness is both operational-where the narrative becomes integrated into certain cognitive processes-and orientational, guiding its readers toward a specific type of environment. The findings show that Camus’ discourse provides both enablement and constraint for action in perceived and imagined environments. Regarding constraint, perception and imagination become bound by the zero-sum logic of a symbolic and metaphorical action-namely, replacement. Conversely, the cognitive enablers are four semiotic tendencies that structure verbal thought on an empirical level: tendencies toward repetition (“allness”), symmetry (imitation), identity (“sameness”), and stability (“stillness”). The narrative fulfills these tendencies by focusing on themes of pervasiveness, the loss and demise of values, the reversion of meaning, the separation of names and things, and an overarching sense of finality and determinism. Allowing for these four empirical “ways of meaning”, the narrative leads to cognitive entrapment. Consequently, GR adherents confuse their perceived environment with an imagined one.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хотя теория «Великого замещения» (ВЗ) Рено Камю наглядно демонстрирует колоссальную силу воздействия языка на человеческое поведение, до сих пор остается неясным, каким образом данный текст конструирует иллюзорную среду, которую радикализованные субъекты ошибочно принимают за физическую реальность. В фокусе настоящего исследования находится именно этот эколингвистический эффект дискурса ВЗ. В качестве материала исследования используется англоязычное издание манифеста “You Will Not Replace Us!” , анализируемое с помощью системного подхода и критического дискурс-анализа. Цель исследования - проследить, как нарратив «Великого замещения» укореняется в конкретной когнитивной экологии, а не просто функционирует как описание внешнего мира. Проведенный анализ показал, что эта экологическая укорененность носит как операциональный характер (когда текст интегрируется в сами мыслительные процессы), так и ориентационный (когда он направляет читателя к определенному восприятию среды). Дискурс Камю, открывая возможности для действий в воспринимаемой и воображаемой среде, одновременно накладывает на эти действия жесткие когнитивные рамки. В результате восприятие и воображение оказываются подчиненными одним и тем же паттернам интерморфного мышления, укорененного в логике «нулевой суммы». Согласно этой логике, две противоположности неизбежно исключают, то есть замещают друг друга, что является неотъемлемым свойством любого символического действия, коим и выступает «замещение». Напротив, когнитивными возможностями для действия становятся четыре фундаментальные семиотические потребности, структурирующие вербальное мышление на эмпирическом уровне: потребности в повторении («всещность»), симметрии (имитация), идентичности («одинаковость») и стабильности («статичность»). Нарратив удовлетворяет эти потребности, фокусируясь на темах всеобъемлющего присутствия, перевернутых смыслов, упадка ценностей и утраты связи между объектом и его названием, а также на общем ощущении предопределенности. Давая возможность реализовать универсальные способы эмпирического «поиска смысла», нарратив завлекает читателя в ловушку иллюзорной определенности относительно реальности происходящего. Таким образом, нарратив подкрепляет экстремистскую идеологию, заключая адептов в цикл, где они путают воспринимаемую среду с воображаемой.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ecolinguistics</kwd><kwd>cognitive ecology</kwd><kwd>entrapped cognition</kwd><kwd>mimetic doubling</kwd><kwd>brain-body-environment system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эколингвистика</kwd><kwd>когнитивная экология</kwd><kwd>ловушки познания</kwd><kwd>миметическое двойничество</kwd><kwd>система «мозг-тело-среда»</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baggs, Edward &amp; Sune Steffensen. 2024. The ecological social psychology of aviation disasters. Ecological Psychology 36(2). 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2024.2365762</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Camus, Renaud. 2018. You Will Not Replace Us. 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