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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50912</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-47476</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CMUSCT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Four generations, three languages, one island: Language shift and identity negotiation among Sakhalin Koreans</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Четыре поколения, три языка и один остров: языковой сдвиг и конструирование идентичности у корейцев Сахалина</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-0201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zoumpalidis</surname><given-names>Dionysios Yur'evich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубалов</surname><given-names>Денис Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor at the School of Philological Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент Школы филологических наук Факультета гуманитарных наук</p></bio><email>dzubalov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bergelson</surname><given-names>Mira B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бергельсон</surname><given-names>Мира Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor at the School of Philological Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор Школы филологических наук Факультета гуманитарных наук</p></bio><email>mbergelson@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">LANGUAGE  POLICY  IN  MULTIETHNIC  COUNTRIES</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">LANGUAGE  POLICY  IN  MULTIETHNIC  COUNTRIES</issue-title><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>441</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zoumpalidis D.Y., Bergelson M.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Зубалов Д.Ю., Бергельсон М.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Zoumpalidis D., Bergelson M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zoumpalidis D.Y., Bergelson M.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубалов Д.Ю., Бергельсон М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zoumpalidis D., Bergelson M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50912">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50912</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article investigates language shift and identity negotiation among four generations of Sakhalin Koreans, drawing on 44 life-history interviews conducted in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The study aims to reveal the patterns and strategies used by speakers of highly endangered languages via complex analysis of the contexts of unbalanced bilingualism. It examines how Korean, Russian, and Japanese have accumulated distinct ideological meanings across a century of displacement, colonial rule, Soviet assimilation and post-Soviet transformation. The analysis demonstrates that language shift in this community does not follow a linear path toward Russian, but instead reflects patterned strategies developed within families to maintain heritage connections while adapting to institutional and social pressures. First-generation multilingual repertoires illustrate the historical layering of linguistic resources; second-generation speakers navigate the closure of Korean-medium schools by developing ‘kitchen Korean’ as a functional domestic code; third-generation speakers rely on symbolic and receptive ties to Korean; and fourth-generation speakers engage with heritage largely through popular culture and transnational mobility aspirations. Across these trajectories, identity emerges as a negotiated and historically situated process rather than a fixed category. Speakers draw on available linguistic and cultural resources to position themselves within overlapping layers of belonging (ethnic, regional, national, and transnational). The findings highlight the durability of heritage identities even under conditions of linguistic assimilation and contribute to broader debates on multilingualism, diaspora identity, and the long-term dynamics of language maintenance and loss in minority communities. The study contributes to understanding how identity negotiation operates in contexts marked by multiple displacement experiences and shifting political arrangements.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье проводится комплексный анализ процессов языкового сдвига и конструирования идентичности среди четырех поколений сахалинских корейцев на основе 44 биографических интервью (life-history interviews), проведенных в Южно-Сахалинске. Целью работы является выявление паттернов и стратегий, используемых носителями языков, находящихся под серьезной угрозой исчезновения, в условиях несбалансированного билингвизма. В исследовании рассматривается, как корейский, русский и японский языки приобретали специфические идеологические значения на протяжении столетия, отмеченного депортациями, колониальным правлением, советской ассимиляцией и постсоветскими трансформациями. Анализ показывает, что языковой сдвиг в данном сообществе не является линейным процессом перехода на русский язык. Напротив, он отражает структурированные семейные стратегии, направленные на сохранение связей с культурным наследием в условиях адаптации к институциональному и социальному давлению. Мультилингвальный репертуар первого поколения иллюстрирует историческую многослойность языковых ресурсов; представители второго поколения, столкнувшиеся с закрытием корейских школ, выработали «кухонный корейский» в качестве функционального домашнего кода; третье поколение опирается на понимание и символические связи с корейским языком; четвертое же поколение взаимодействует с этническим наследием преимущественно через массовую культуру и стремление к транснациональной мобильности. В рамках этих траекторий идентичность предстает не как фиксированная категория, а как динамичный, исторически обусловленный процесс. Носители используют доступные языковые и культурные ресурсы для самоопределения в рамках пересекающихся уровней принадлежности (этнического, регионального, национального и транснационального). Результаты исследования подчеркивают устойчивость этнической идентичности даже в условиях языковой ассимиляции и вносят вклад в дискуссии о мультилингвизме, диаспоральной идентичности, а также в изучение долгосрочной динамики сохранения и утраты языков в миноритарных сообществах. Работа позволяет углубить понимание механизмов конструирования идентичности в контекстах, характеризующихся перемещением населения и сменой политических установок.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>language shift</kwd><kwd>language ideologies</kwd><kwd>language and identity</kwd><kwd>Sakhalin Koreans</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>языковой сдвиг</kwd><kwd>языковые идеологии</kwd><kwd>язык и идентичность</kwd><kwd>сахалинские корейцы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study was implemented in the framework of the Basic Research Program at HSE University (HSE-BR-2025-031).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Albury, Nathan John &amp; Anne Ambler Schluter. 2021. 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