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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50908</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-47451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CJZMPV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Maintenance and revitalization of the languages of Russia: Problems in research and practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сохранение и ревитализация языков России: проблемы науки и практики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-911X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamyatin</surname><given-names>Konstantin Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замятин</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>(PhD) is a leading researcher at the Center for Sociocultural and Ethnolinguistics Studies at the Faculty of Humanities, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, and a senior researcher at the Research Center on National and Language Relations at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социокультурных и этнолингвистических исследований факультета гуманитарных наук НИУ ВШЭ, старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра национально-языковых отношений Института языкознания РА</p></bio><email>kzamiatin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт языкознания Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">LANGUAGE  POLICY  IN  MULTIETHNIC  COUNTRIES</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">LANGUAGE  POLICY  IN  MULTIETHNIC  COUNTRIES</issue-title><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zamyatin K.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Замятин К.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Zamyatin K.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zamyatin K.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Замятин К.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zamyatin K.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50908">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50908</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Some years ago, “the preservation of linguistic diversity” was included among the official language policy goals in Russia. The goal is difficult to conceptualize and operationalize for practical purposes by the given broad official definition of “linguistic diversity” and by a lack of the official definition of the “preservation”. Meanwhile, the goal is pursued as practical activity by language policy practitioners and language activists as well as applied research by scholars. In this context, understanding of what the actors present as its achievement is, therefore, both a practical and scientific problem. The aim of the paper is to analyze academic and official discourses and practices in order to understand how scientific experts in interaction with public officials conceptualize and operationalize the preservation of linguistic diversity in Russia and what they do in practice. The research material consists of texts of official documents, oral discussions by participation of experts and officials during the drafting and approval of their draft versions, and ethnographic data. The material was collected and interpreted drawing on participant observation and discourse analysis. The results show that the unresolved theoretical problem of interdisciplinary causes also problems in applied research. Due to the underdevelopment of the research program on language policy in Russia, applied research is currently carried out mainly within the framework of language revitalization, which, however, is hardly able to provide effective solutions in a country with a state-centric political culture. In practice, efforts at revitalization and documentation replace work on maintaining languages. The study argues that without high-quality scientific expertise in the socio-political sphere of language use, language policy and language revitalization remain ineffective also as a practical activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несколько лет назад «сохранение языкового многообразия» было включено в число официальных целей языковой политики России. Однако из-за широкого официального определения «языкового многообразия» и отсутствия официального определения «сохранения» эту цель сложно концептуализировать и операционализировать на практике. При этом к ее достижению в практической деятельности стремятся как практики политики и языковые активисты, так и ученые в рамках прикладных исследований. В этом контексте понимание того, как участники процесса представляют себе достижение этой цели, является одновременно практической и научной проблемой. Цель данной работы - проанализировать академические и официальные дискурсы и практики, чтобы понять, как научные эксперты во взаимодействии с политиками и чиновниками концептуализируют и операционализируют сохранение языкового многообразия в России и что они делают на практике. Материалом исследования послужили тексты официальных документов, устные обсуждения с участием экспертов и должностных лиц при составлении и согласовании версий их проектов и этнографические данные. Материал был собран и проанализирован с использованием включенного наблюдения и дискурсивного анализа. Результаты показывают, что нерешенность теоретической проблемы междисциплинарности обуславливает проблемы в прикладных исследованиях. В связи с недостаточной развитостью исследовательской программы по языковой политике в России, прикладные исследования в настоящее время проводятся в основном в рамках языковой ревитализации, которая, однако, вряд ли способна предложить эффективные решения в стране с государственно-центричной политической культурой. На практике усилия по ревитализации и документации заменяют работу по сохранению языков. В исследовании утверждается, что без высококачественной научной экспертизы по использованию языков в социально-политической сфере языковая политика и языковая ревитализация остаются неэффективными и как практическая деятельность.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linguistic diversity</kwd><kwd>language preservation</kwd><kwd>language maintenance</kwd><kwd>language revitalization</kwd><kwd>language policy</kwd><kwd>Russian Federation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>языковое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>сохранение языка</kwd><kwd>поддержание языка</kwd><kwd>языковая ревитализация</kwd><kwd>языковая политика</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research leading to these results has received funding from the Basic Research Program at HSE University (HSE-BR-2025-031) and the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences (FMNE-2025-0014).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Austin, Peter K. &amp; Lenore A. 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