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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-42740</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AJYEXX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Conceptualization of emotion in Japanese: Adjectives vs. verbs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концептуализация эмоций в японских прилагательных и глаголах</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9859-009X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakaba</surname><given-names>Hiromichi</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакаба</surname><given-names>Хиромичи</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Global Communications</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент факультета глобальных коммуникаций</p></bio><email>claudia.zbenovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Doshisha University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Досися</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">LANGUAGE, CULTURE, COGNITION AND COMMUNICATION</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">LANGUAGE, CULTURE, COGNITION AND COMMUNICATION</issue-title><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-04"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Sakaba H.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Сакаба Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Sakaba H.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakaba H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сакаба Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Sakaba H.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50072">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/50072</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Japanese has formally corresponding adjective-verb pairs that express emotion, e.g. kanashii (sad) and kanashimu (to grieve). Previous studies have pointed out that these forms are used in different contexts; however, little attention has been paid to their semantic differences. By contrast, studies on languages such as Russian and English have highlighted clear distinctions between adjectives and verbs in the conceptualization of emotion. To address this gap, the paper aims to reveal the differences in the conceptualization of emotion between adjectives and verbs in Japanese. Thestudy analyzed nine adjective-verb pairs in Japanese and investigated their differences from three perspectives: (i) the cause of emotion, (ii) the object of emotion, and (iii) the expression of emotion. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) framework was employed to capture the semantic structures of emotion concepts. This study proposed the semantic template for emotion verbs, which helps systematically analyze the meaning of Japanese emotion terms. Additionally, it explored why emotion verbs in Japanese are used less frequently than their adjectival counterparts, despite lexical availability. This was examined in light of cultural attitudes toward emotion in Japanese society. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how speakers of different languages conceptualize and categorize emotional experiences, which has important implications for the future development of lexical typology in emotion.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В японском языке существуют формально соответствующие пары прилагательное-глагол, выражающие эмоции, например, kanashii (грустный) и kanashimu (печалиться). Предыдущие исследования указывали на то, что эти формы используются в разных контекстах, однако их семантическим различиям уделялось мало внимания. Исследования таких языков, как русский и английский, выявили четкие различия между прилагательными и глаголами в концептуализации эмоций. Цель данного исследования - выявить различия в концептуализации эмоций в японских прилагательных и глаголах. Были проанализированы девять пар прилагательное-глагол в японском языке и исследованы их различия с трех точек зрения: (1) причина эмоции, (2) объект эмоции и (3) выражение эмоции. Для описания семантических структур эмоций использовался Естественный семантический метаязык (ЕСМ/NSM). В данном исследовании предложена семантическая модель для глаголов, обозначающих эмоции, которая помогает систематически анализировать значение японских лексем, описывающих эмоции. Кроме того, выявлено, почему глаголы, обозначающие эмоции, в японском языке используются реже, чем соотвествующие им прилагательные, несмотря на их лексическую доступность. Этот вопрос был рассмотрен в свете культурных установок по отношению к эмоциям в японском обществе. Полученные результаты способствуют более глубокому пониманию того, как носители разных языков концептуализируют и классифицируют эмоциональные переживания, что имеет важное значение для дальнейшего развития лексической типологии в области эмоций.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emotion</kwd><kwd>emotion adjectives</kwd><kwd>emotion verbs</kwd><kwd>semantics</kwd><kwd>Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM)</kwd><kwd>Japanese</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эмоция</kwd><kwd>прилагательные</kwd><kwd>обозначающие эмоции</kwd><kwd>глаголы</kwd><kwd>обозначающие эмоции</kwd><kwd>культурная семантика</kwd><kwd>Естественный семантический метаязык (NSM)</kwd><kwd>японский язык</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alba-Juez, Laura &amp; Tatiana Larina. 2018. Language and emotion: Discourse-pragmatic perspectives. 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