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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47824</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-45795</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KLPIJT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interjections as pragmatic particles in Modern Greek: Using diverse corpora in identifying pragmatic functions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Междометия как прагматические частицы в новогреческом языке: использование различных корпусов для определения прагматических функций</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2204-9740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goutsos</surname><given-names>Dionysis</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутсос</surname><given-names>Дионисис</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, is Professor of Text linguistics at the Department of Linguistics at the School of Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры лингвистики философского факультета</p></bio><email>dgoutsos@phil.uoa.gr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный университет имени Каподистрии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Pragmalinguistics: Сorpora and Discourse Studies</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Pragmalinguistics: Сorpora and Discourse Studies</issue-title><fpage>837</fpage><lpage>861</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Goutsos D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Гутсос Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Goutsos D.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goutsos D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гутсос Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Goutsos D.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/47824">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/47824</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The paper offers an overview of the frequency and functions of three basic interjections in Greek, the phonologically minimal α /a/ ‘ah, huh’, ε /e/ ‘eh’ and ω or ο /o/ ‘oh’, with the aim of identifying the full range of their uses that have not been dealt with in the literature, which mainly treats them as elements denoting emotions. The data comes from a variety of Modern Greek corpora, including the conversational and the literary sub-corpora of the <italic>Corpus of Greek Texts</italic> (CGT, 1990–2010), the <italic>Corpus of Greek Film Dialogue</italic> and, for reasons of diachronic comparison, the <italic>Diachronic Corpus of Greek of the 20th Century</italic> (CGT20, 1900–1989). The findings suggest that, although <italic>a</italic> and <italic>e</italic> are both found among the 50 most frequent items, <italic>e</italic> is three times more frequent that <italic>a</italic>, while <italic>o</italic> is almost non-existent in conversation, in contrast to literary data, especially from an earlier period. In addition, <italic>a, e</italic> and <italic>o</italic> have developed a range of functions beyond mere exclamation, which include indexing surprise or sudden realization, use in address or as attention signals, evaluation, intensification, the drawing of implicatures, as well as their use as filled pauses or invariant tags. On the basis of these extensive pragmatic uses, it is suggested that interjections like <italic>a, e</italic> and <italic>o</italic> function as pragmatic particles having a prominent role in both conversation and its literary and filmic representation. More generally, it seems that the category of “interjection” covers a wide range of actual uses that are more akin to <italic>pragmatic particles</italic> (Beeching 2002), <italic>inserts</italic> (Biber et al. 1999) or <italic>interactives</italic> (Heine 2023), that is elements with a rich contribution to interactive discourse, both in non-scripted and scripted conversation. Corpora can be instrumental in evaluating this pragmatic import and its diachronic development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В статье представлен обзор частотности употребления и функций трех основных междометий греческого языка — фонологически минимальных <italic>α</italic> /a/ ‘ah, huh’, <italic>ε </italic>/e/ ‘eh’ и <italic>ω,</italic> или <italic>ο</italic> /o/ ‘oh’, которые в основном рассматриваются в литературе как элементы, обозначающие эмоции. Цель данного исследования — выявить полный спектр употреблений этих междометий. Данные взяты из различных корпусов новогреческого языка, включая разговорный и литературный подкорпусы <italic>Корпуса греческих текстов</italic> (CGT, 1990–2010), а также <italic>Корпус греческих кинодиалогов</italic> и, для диахронического сравнения, <italic>Диахронический корпус греческого языка XX века</italic> (CGT20, 1900–1989). Результаты показали, что, хотя <italic>α</italic> и <italic>ε</italic> входят в число 50 наиболее частотных элементов, <italic>e</italic> встречается в три раза чаще, чем <italic>a</italic>, в то время как <italic>o</italic> практически не встречается в разговорной речи, в отличие от литературных текстов, особенно более раннего периода. Кроме того, выявлено, что <italic>α</italic>, <italic>ε</italic> и <italic>o</italic> развили ряд функций, выходящих за рамки простого восклицания, среди которых удивление или внезапное осознание, обращение или привлечение внимания, оценка, усиление, а также их использование в качестве заполнителей пауз или инвариантных тегов. На основе выявленных прагматических функций делается предположение о том, что междометия, такие как <italic>α</italic>, <italic>ε</italic> и <italic>o</italic>, функционируют как прагматические частицы, играя важную роль в разговорной речи, в том числе в ее литературном и кинематографическом представлении. В более общем плане, категория «междометие» охватывает широкий спектр употреблений, которые скорее схожи с прагматическими частицами (Beeching 2002), вставками (Biber et al. 1999) или интерактивными элементами (Heine 2023), то есть с элементами, вносящими значительный вклад в интерактивный дискурс. Исследование показывает, что корпусы могут играть важную роль в оценке прагматических значений и их диахронического развития.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interactive discourse</kwd><kwd>interjections</kwd><kwd>pragmatic particles</kwd><kwd>film dialogue</kwd><kwd>language change</kwd><kwd>Greek</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интерактивный дискурс</kwd><kwd>междометие</kwd><kwd>прагматические частицы</kwd><kwd>кинодиалог</kwd><kwd>изменение языка</kwd><kwd>греческий язык</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ameka, Felix K. 1992. Interjections: The universal yet neglected part of speech. Journal of Pragmatics 18. 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90048-G</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Beeching, Kate. 2002. Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French. 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