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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46248</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-43326</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BVHXBW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multilingualism and language commodification in the public signage of Moscow</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Многоязычие и коммодификация языка в общественных вывесках Москвы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-0201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zoumpalidis</surname><given-names>Dionysios</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубалов</surname><given-names>Денис</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor at the School of Philological Studies, HSE University. His research focuses on language policy, urban linguistics, multilingualism, and language contact, with particular attention to issues of identity, anglicisms, digital communication, language attitudes, and bilingual education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент Школы филологических наук НИУ ВШЭ. Его научные интересы охватывают языковую политику, городскую лингвистику, многоязычие и языковые контакты, с особым вниманием к вопросам идентичности, англицизмам, цифровой коммуникации, языковым установкам и билингвальному образованию</p></bio><email>dzubalov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5467-7664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Şimşek</surname><given-names>Hasan Berkcan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимшек</surname><given-names>Хасан Беркджан</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. candidate in sociolinguistics at the Doctoral School of Philology, HSE University. His research interests primarily focus on language attitudes and language ideologies. He also studies pragmatics, with an emphasis on im/politeness theory and speech acts.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант по социолингвистике в Аспирантской школе по филологическим наукам Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Его научные интересы в основном сосредоточены на языковых установках и языковых идеологиях. Он также изучает прагматику с особым вниманием к теории (не)вежливости и речевым актам.</p></bio><email>hasanberkcansimsek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>631</fpage><lpage>658</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-02"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zoumpalidis D., Şimşek H.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Зубалов Д., Шимшек Х.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Zoumpalidis D., Şimşek H.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zoumpalidis D., Şimşek H.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубалов Д., Шимшек Х.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zoumpalidis D., Şimşek H.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/46248">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/46248</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Linguistic landscape remains an important semiotic resource for tracking socio-political changes and the shifting power dynamics they entail, particularly in contexts marked by superdiversity. As the largest urban center in Russia, Moscow is a multilingual and multicultural city shaped by its unique historical, political, and socio-economic context. However, despite the city’s central role in understanding the complexities of post-Soviet Russia, research on its linguistic landscape remains limited, particularly in relation to its stratification amidst monolingual policies, the increasing visibility of English, and active migration patterns in recent decades. This study aims to analyse how the layered linguistic landscape of Moscow reflects patterns of multilingualism, language commodification, and the selective visibility of minority languages. A dataset of 513 photos was compiled between 2022 and 2024. It was analyzed combining ethnographic and quantitative approaches, identifying three key layers in Moscow’s linguistic landscape. The analysis reveals a selective and transient accommodation of multilingualism in official policies, which, while allowing multilingualism in some contexts, largely reaffirms Russian as dominant. While semiotic diversity in bottom-up signage presents a grassroots counterpoint to official practices, Central Asian languages have quite limited visibility in top-down signage. Findings highlight the need for a more inclusive linguistic landscape that reflects the city’s diverse population, as well as stable top-down policies to sustain the city’s global aspirations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Языковой ландшафт остается важным семиотическим ресурсом для отслеживания социально-политических изменений в распределении власти, особенно в условиях сверхразнообразия. Москва, как крупнейший мегаполис России, представляет собой многоязычный и мультикультурный город, сформированный уникальным историческим, политическим и социально-экономическим контекстом. Однако, несмотря на центральную роль города в понимании сложностей постсоветской России, исследования его языкового ландшафта остаются ограниченными, особенно в последние годы, на фоне моноязычной политики, растущей видимости английского языка и активных миграционных процессов последних десятилетий. Цель данного исследования - проанализировать, как стратифицированный языковой ландшафт Москвы отражает практики многоязычия, коммодификации языка и избирательной видимости языков меньшинств. Корпус из 513 фотографий, собранных в 2022-2024 годах, был проанализирован с использованием этнографического и количественного подходов; в результате были выделены три ключевых уровня языкового ландшафта Москвы. Анализ показывает выборочную и временную допустимость многоязычия в рамках официальной языковой политики, которая в целом подтверждает доминирование русского языка. В то время как семиотическое разнообразие неофициальных вывесок представляет собой низовую альтернативу официальным практикам, языки Центральной Азии имеют крайне ограниченную видимость на официальных вывесках. Результаты подчеркивают необходимость более инклюзивного языкового ландшафта, отражающего разнообразие населения города, а также стабильной официальной политики, поддерживающей амбиции Москвы как глобального мегаполиса.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linguistic landscape</kwd><kwd>Moscow</kwd><kwd>ethnographic linguistic landscape analysis</kwd><kwd>superdiversity</kwd><kwd>language commodification</kwd><kwd>immigration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>языковой ландшафт</kwd><kwd>Москва</kwd><kwd>этнографический анализ языкового ландшафта</kwd><kwd>сверхразнообразие</kwd><kwd>коммодификация языка</kwd><kwd>иммиграция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Amos, Will &amp; Barbara Soukup. 2020. Quantitative 2.0: Towards variationist linguistic landscape study (VaLLS) and a standard canon of LL variables. 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