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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43740</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-42985</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NMCDVO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Metaphors of resistance in the counter-discourse of Spanish, English and Dutch cycling activists</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антимоторные метафоры в дискурсе испанских, английских и голландских велоактивистов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-975X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filardo-Llamas</surname><given-names>Laura</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филардо-Лламас</surname><given-names>Лаура</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer in English Language and Linguistics at the Universidad de Valladolid (Spain). Her fields of study are cognitive linguistics and ideology (on social media). She is particularly interested in exploring the construction of conflictual relations. She has co-authored three books and over 50 papers in international books and journals (Critical Discourse Studies, The Journal of Language and Politics, among others).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподает английский язык и лингвистику в Университете Вальядолида (Испания). Область ее исследований - когнитивная лингвистика и идеология (в социальных сетях) с особым вниманием на конфликтных отношениях. Является соавтором трех книг и более 50 статей в международных изданиях и журналах (Critical Discourse Studies, The Journal of Language and Politics).</p></bio><email>laura.filardo@uva.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-0157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pérez-Hernández</surname><given-names>Lorena</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перес-Эрнандес</surname><given-names>Лорена</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Full Professor of Linguistics (University of La Rioja, Spain). She has authored the monograph Speech Acts in English: From Research to Instruction and Textbook Development (CUP) and over 70 papers in international journals (Journal of Pragmatics, Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, among others). She is a member of the Editorial Board of the Review of Cognitive Linguistics and collaborates as a linguistics consultant at Lexicon Branding.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор лингвистики (Университет Ла-Риоха, Испания). Автор монографии Speech Acts in English: From Research to Instruction and Textbook Development (CUP) и более 70 статей в международных журналах (Journal of Pragmatics, Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics и др.). Является членом редакционного совета журнала Review of Cognitive Linguistics, сотрудничает в качестве консультанта по лингвистике в компании Lexicon Branding.</p></bio><email>lorena.perez@unirioja.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Valladolid</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Вальядолида</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of La Rioja</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Ла-Риоха</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Ecolinguistics: Consolidating a research paradigm</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Эколингвистика: объединяя исследовательские парадигмы</issue-title><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Filardo-Llamas L., Pérez-Hernández L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Филардо-Лламас Л., Перес-Эрнандес Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Filardo-Llamas L., Pérez-Hernández L.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filardo-Llamas L., Pérez-Hernández L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филардо-Лламас Л., Перес-Эрнандес Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Filardo-Llamas L., Pérez-Hernández L.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/43740">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/43740</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is a current need for exploring new mobility systems - and related narratives - that could help in addressing the challenges caused by climate change. As such, this paper aims to unveil the counter-discourses that promote cycling as a sustainable means of transport and an ecological solution to the current climate crisis. It identifies the main conceptual metaphors of contemporary emerging mobility as framed by Spanish, English and Dutch-speaking cycling advocates. The data, which includes 95 metaphors, were retrieved from X (Twitter), and analyzed qualitatively. Expanding upon the established strategies for challenging dominant metaphors (Gibbs &amp; Siman 2021, Van Poppel &amp; Pilgram 2023), we investigated the workings of resistance metaphors in the discourse of cycling activists. The study showed that partial resistance metaphors elaborate on the source domains of institutionalized mappings (city is a body, traffic is a circulatory system). They profile motorized mobility as an agent of disease (e.g., blood clot, drug, virus), which negatively affects the city as a whole; alternatively, they also foreground cycling as a potential healer (e.g., cycling infrastructure as band-aids or surgery). Additionally, complete resistance metaphors expose the drawbacks of motorized mobility and envisage alternative urban mobility designs through the introduction of new source domains (cities are ecosystems, cities are houses). The contribution of these metaphors to the current discourse on urban mobility ranges from an opposition to motonormativity to emphasizing cycling as a solution and promoting new kinds of urban co-existence. The underlying reconceptualization of the city from its perception as a (mechanized) body to that of a house or ecosystem also reveals a shift in its function from being a space for moving to being a space for living.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время существует потребность в изучении новых систем мобильности и связанных с ними нарративов, которые могли бы помочь в решении проблем, вызванных изменением климата. Цель данной статьи - выявить дискурсивные средства, продвигающие велосипед как устойчивый вид транспорта и экологичное решение текущего климатического кризиса. В ней определяются основные концептуальные метафоры современной развивающейся мобильности, создаваемые испано-, англо- и голландскоязычными сторонниками велосипедного движения. Данные, включающие 95 метафор, были получены из X (Twitter) и подвергнуты качественному анализу. Развивая известные стратегии оспаривания доминирующих метафор (Gibbs &amp; Siman 2021, Van Poppel &amp; Pilgram 2023), мы исследовали употребление антимоторных метафор в дискурсе активистов велодвижения. Исследование показало, что частичные антимоторные метафоры развивают исходные области институционализированных изображений (город - это тело, транспорт - это система кровообращения). В них моторизованная мобильность представляется как возбудитель болезни (например, тромб, наркотики, вирус), которая негативно влияет на город в целом. Сдругой стороны, они также выдвигают на первый план велосипед как потенциального целителя (например, велосипедная инфраструктура как пластырь или операция). Кроме того, полные антимоторные метафоры раскрывают недостатки моторизованной мобильности и предлагают альтернативные варианты городской мобильности путем введения новых исходных доменов (город - это экосистема, город - это дома). Вклад этих метафор в современный дискурс о городской мобильности варьируется от отрицания мотонормативности до провозглашения велосипеда как средства решения проблемы и продвижения новых видов сосуществования в городе. Концептуализация города не как (механизированного) тела, а как дома или экосистемы также показывает изменение его функции от пространства для перемещения к пространству для жизни.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sustainable urban mobility</kwd><kwd>emerging mobility</kwd><kwd>ecolinguistics</kwd><kwd>cognitive linguistics</kwd><kwd>discourse of cycling activists</kwd><kwd>conceptual metaphor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивая городская мобильность</kwd><kwd>развивающаяся мобильность</kwd><kwd>эколингвистика</kwd><kwd>когнитивная лингвистика</kwd><kwd>дискурс велоактивистов</kwd><kwd>концептуальная метафора</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant nº #895-2021-1016) and the Universidad de Valladolid (Requalification programme — Grant nº 2021-REC-TEY12).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bilstrup Finsen, Andreas, Gerard J. 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