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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42182</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-40501</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LPAZGY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">From truth to discourse marker: The case of thâִt in Vietnamese</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>От «истины » к дискурсивному маркеру: thâִt во вьетнамском языке</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9174-3932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adachi</surname><given-names>Mayumi</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адачи</surname><given-names>Маюми</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor at the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Her research interest covers Vietnamese pragmatics, specifically, demonstratives, in addition to demonstrative-derived sentence-final particles and interjections. In recognition of her research on spatial and discourse deixis in Vietnamese and the sociolinguistic study of the Vietnamese community in Japan, she was awarded the Shinmura Izuru Research Encouragement Prize FY2022.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент Научно-исследовательского института языков и культур Азии и Африки Токийского университета иностранных языков. Ее исследовательские интересы включают вьетнамскую прагматику, в частности, указательные местоимения, а также производные от указательных местоимений частицы и междометия. В знак признания ее исследований пространственного и дискурсивного дейксиса во вьетнамском языке и социолингвистического изучения вьетнамской общины в Японии она была награждена премией Shinmura Izuru Research Encouragement Prize FY2022.</p></bio><email>adachi@aa.tufs.ac.jp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tokyo University of Foreign Studies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Токийский университет иностранных языков</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Discourse-pragmatic markers of (inter)subjective stance in Asian languages: With special focus on Chinese etymons</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Discourse-pragmatic markers of (inter)subjective stance in Asian languages: With special focus on Chinese etymons</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>966</fpage><lpage>990</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Adachi M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Адачи М.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Adachi M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adachi M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Адачи М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Adachi M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/42182">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/42182</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vietnamese thật (truth)-based expressions are prevalent in a 17th-century text and contemporary data, however there has been a lack of in-depth studies of such Sino-Vietnamese expressions in terms of their grammaticalization into discourse markers (DMs). The aim of this study is to identify whether linguistic elements from the same source develop into DMs in a similar manner. To achieve this, I compared diachronic data in the 17th century to contemporary Vietnamese. The historical data includes the first Romanized Vietnamese prose written in 1651, while the contemporary data consists of written and spoken materials collected from a language consultant, internet quotes, and naturally occurring conversations. The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) Thật -related expressions appear to follow the well-attested grammatical path from “true” to “intensive” and further into DMs. (2) The subjective and intersubjective uses of thật forms are distributed complementarily: subjective usage tends to occur in the utterance-final position, while intersubjective usage typically appears in the utterance-initial position. (3) Thật has also combined with other elements to form multiword-unit DMs, indicating that DMs do not always undergo formal reduction. (4) Regarding the borrowing of DMs through language contact, examples from Vietnamese and other languages suggest that lexical elements are initially borrowed as in their original forms and then grammaticalized as DMs in ways that are language-specific yet comparable. These findings provide theoretical contributions to our understanding of the emergence and development of DMs in Vietnamese.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Выражения, основанные на китайско-вьетнамской лексеме thật «истина» (кит. 實), широко употребляются во вьетнамском языке с XVII в. до наших дней, однако наблюдается отсутствие глубоких исследований с точки зрения их грамматикализации в дискурсивные маркеры (ДM). Цель данного исследования - определить, переходят ли языковые единицы, происходящие из одного и того же источника, в ДM схожим образом. Для этого мы сравнили диахронические данные XVII в. с современным вьетнамским языком. Источником исторического материала послужила первая романизированная вьетнамская проза, относящаяся к 1651 г.; современный письменный и устный материал был собран из интернет-источников и естественной коммуникации, а также с помощью интервью. Основные выводы исследования следующие: (1) Выражения с thật развиваются по уже засвидетельствованному грамматическому пути: от «истина» до «усилитель» и далее - в ДM. (2) Субъективное и интерсубъективное использование форм с thật распределяется следующим образом: субъективное использование, как правило, встречается в конечной позиции высказывания, в то время как интерсубъективное использование обычно наблюдается в начальной позиции. (3) Thật также объединяется с другими элементами, образуя многословные ДM, что указывает на то, что ДM не всегда подвергаются формальной редукции. (4) Что касается заимствований ДM, происходящих в результате языкового контакта, то примеры из вьетнамского языка, как и других языков, показывают, что лексические элементы изначально заимствуются в исходных формах, а затем грамматикализуются в культурно-специфичные, но сопоставимые ДM. Данные выводы вносят теоретический вклад в понимание возникновения и развития ДM во вьетнамском языке.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>language contact</kwd><kwd>discourse marker</kwd><kwd>grammaticalization</kwd><kwd>intersubjectification</kwd><kwd>Sino-Vietnamese thật</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>языковой контакт</kwd><kwd>дискурсивный маркер</kwd><kwd>грамматикализация</kwd><kwd>интерсубъективация</kwd><kwd>китайско-вьетнамский thật</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adachi, Mayumi. 2021. 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