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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36176</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-34934</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TWIIBW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Picture naming test: Linguistic challenges of the method and ways to solve them</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тест на называние изображений: лингвистические проблемы метода и пути их решения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9528-9450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morkovina</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морковина</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>holds a PhD in Philology and is a lecturer of the English Department of the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics at Lomonosov Moscow State University, and a researcher at the RUDN Laboratory of Diagnostics and Advancing Cognitive Functions of the Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance. Her research interests include neuro- and psycholinguistics, experimental methods of language learning, the study of conceptual metaphor, linguopoetics, and cognitive poetics.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, преподаватель МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики и развития когнитивных функций НИИ развития мозга РУДН. Ее исследовательские интересы включают нейро- и психолингвистику, экспериментальные методы изучения языка, изучение концептуальной метафоры, лингвопоэтику, когнитивную поэтику.</p></bio><email>olga.altukhowa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-5375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gishkaeva</surname><given-names>Luiza N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гишкаева</surname><given-names>Луиза Нахидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>holds a Ph.D. in Philology and is Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Philology at RUDN University (Moscow, Russia). The areas of her research include comparative study of languages and cultures, cultural specificity of the functioning of languages, discourse analysis, media text analysis, cultural semantics, and intercultural communication. She has authored and co-authored more than 70 publications, including articles, scientific reports, and book chapters.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков филологического факультета Российского университета дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы, Москва, Россия. Область её исследований - сравнительно-сопоставительное исследование языков и культур, национально-культурное своеобразие функционирования языков, дискурс-анализ, анализ медиатекста, культурная семантика, межкультурная коммуникация. Она автор более 70 публикаций, среди которых - статьи, научные доклады, главы монографий.</p></bio><email>gishkaeva-ln@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapkova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>holds a PhD in Philology and is a Lecturer of the English Department of the Faculty of Philology at Lomonosov Moscow State University. She is Head of the RUDN Laboratory of Diagnostics and Advancing Cognitive Functions at the Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance. Her research interests include cognitive linguistics, the study of mythology as a cultural and cognitive phenomenon, and academic English. She is the author and co-author of numerous publications, including book chapters and articles in Russian and international journals, such as Issues of Cognitive Linguistics, Nauchnyi Dialog (Scientific Dialogue), Terminologija, Jezikoslavlje, among others.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, преподаватель МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, заведующий лабораторией диагностики и развития когнитивных функций НИИ развития мозга РУДН. Ее исследовательские интересы включают когнитивные исследования языка, изучение мифологии как культурного и когнитивного феномена, академический английский. Она является автором и соавтором многочисленных публикаций, включающих главы в международных коллективных монографиях и статьи в отечественных и зарубежных журналах, включая Вопросы когнитивной лингвистики, Научный диалог, Fachsprache, Terminologija, Jezikoslovlje и др.</p></bio><email>sharapkova_aa@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>715</fpage><lpage>744</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Morkovina O.I., Gishkaeva L.N., Sharapkova A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Морковина О.И., Гишкаева Л.Н., Шарапкова А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Morkovina O., Gishkaeva L., Sharapkova A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morkovina O.I., Gishkaeva L.N., Sharapkova A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морковина О.И., Гишкаева Л.Н., Шарапкова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Morkovina O., Gishkaeva L., Sharapkova A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36176">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36176</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The paper considers benefits and drawbacks of the Picture Naming Test (PNT) as a diagnostic method suggesting the ways to improve its diagnostic and research validity. Although this test is popular in both national and international neuropsychological assessment and research practice, its use is largely due to tradition and practical convenience. However, theoretical underpinnings for its effectiveness are not sufficiently represented in the pertinent literature, which determines the relevance of the study. The major objective of the paper is to consider the PNT as a research technique from the point of view of psycholinguistics, cognitive science, and corpus linguistics and to propose integrated approaches for the further development of these tests. The material comprises picture naming tests developed for the Russian and English languages. The study sets the following aims: 1) to define the main features of PNT and the principles of its application viewed from a historical perspective; 2) to identify the theoretical foundations (linguistic and neuropsychological) for its use as a diagnostic tool; 3) to highlight the problematic aspects of the method; 4) to suggest possible ways to eliminate them. To accomplish these tasks, various methods of corpus linguistics are applied throughout the article. The historical outline of PNT development suggests that the current design might stem from earlier contexts of use. A review of existing models of lexical access provides a theoretical basis for the test in its current form and suggests possible avenues for its development grounded in experimental research, advances in linguistics and big data analysis. A separate section of the article presents critique of the most popular tests. Finally, the analysis of the existing English and Russian tests through the corpus-based methodology clearly demonstrates the need for more detailed norming and stimuli selection. By way of conclusion the authors outline the principles of designing Picture Naming Tests for specific purposes and put forward a step-by-step algorithm that enables careful selection of the necessary indicators and parameters.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки такого метода речевой диагностики, как тест на называние изображений, и предлагаются способы его совершенствования для повышения диагностической и исследовательской валидности. Несмотря на популярность теста в отечественной и зарубежной нейропсихологической диагностике и исследовательской практике, его применение в основном опирается на традицию и практическое удобство, однако теоретические обоснования эффективности теста недостаточно представлены в литературе. Цель данной статьи - рассмотреть тест на называние изображений как исследовательскую методику с точки зрения психолингвистики, когнитивной науки и корпусной лингвистики и предложить интеграцию подходов к разработке и использованию подобных тестов. Материалом послужили тесты на называние изображений, разработанные для русского и английского языков. Для достижения цели исследования были поставлены следующие задачи: 1) определить особенности обсуждаемой методики и принципы ее применения в исторической перспективе; 2) выявить теоретические основы методики (лингвистические и нейропсихологические), позволяющие рассматривать ее как диагностический инструмент; 3) выделить проблемные аспекты методики; 4) обозначить возможные пути их устранения. Для решения данных задач авторы обращаются к ряду методов корпусной лингвистики. Историческая справка позволяет уточнить, как именно формировалась рассматриваемая методика и предполагает обусловленность дизайна контекстами употребления. Обзор моделей лексического доступа предлагает теоретическое обоснование методики и возможные пути ее развития, в том числе на основе экспериментальных исследований, дополненных достижениями в области лингвистики и больших данных. На необходимость доработки указывает и критика наиболее популярных тестов. Наконец, анализ существующих русских тестов при помощи методов корпусной лингвистики демонстрирует необходимость более детального нормирования и подбора стимулов. В завершение предлагаются принципы создания тестов для специфических задач и пошаговый алгоритм конструирования теста на называние изображений для настройки необходимых показателей и параметров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>picture naming test</kwd><kwd>lexical access model</kwd><kwd>nominative deficit</kwd><kwd>cognitive and motor deficit</kwd><kwd>psycholinguistic diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тест на называние изображений</kwd><kwd>модель лексического доступа</kwd><kwd>номинативный дефицит</kwd><kwd>когнитивный и моторный дефицит</kwd><kwd>психолингвистическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors of the article express their gratitude to the reviewers for their comments, which helped in the work on the article. This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project № 050738–0-000.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы статьи выражают благодарность рецензентам за сделанные замечания, которые помогли в работе над статьей. Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта № 050738–0-000 Системы грантовой поддержки научных проектов РУДН.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Веракса А.Н., Алмазова О.В., Ощепкова Е.С., Бухаленкова Д.А. Диагностика развития речи в старшем дошкольном возрасте: батарея нейропсихологических методик и нормы [Электронный ресурс] // Клиническая и специальная психология. 2021. Т.10. № 3. С. 256-282. https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2021_n3/Veraksa_et_al (дата обращения: 09.06.2023). [Veraksa, Aleksandr N., Olga V. Almazova, Ekaterina S. Oshchepkova, Darya A. Bukhalenkova. 2021. 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