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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36169</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-33757</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MRDMOZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The words that make fake stories go viral: A corpus-based approach to analyzing Russian Covid-19 disinformation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Язык вирусных фейковых новостей: корпусный подход к анализу русскоязычной дезинформации о Covid-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Monogarova</surname><given-names>Alina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моногарова</surname><given-names>Алина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor of the English Language and Professional Communication Department at Pyatigorsk State University, Russia. Her research interests embrace corpus linguistics, text mining and text analysis, as well as standardization of developing terminologies.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета. Ее исследовательские интересы включают корпусную лингвистику, анализ текста, стандартизацию терминологий развивающихся сфер.</p></bio><email>alinach12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-8407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiryaeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширяева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Linguistics, Head of the English Language and Professional Communication Department at Pyatigorsk State University, Russia. She is Editor-in-Chief of the research journal Professional Communication: Top Issues of Linguistics and Teaching Methods. Her research interests focus on discourse analysis, sociocognitive linguistics with particular emphasis on professional discourse studies, theory and practice of intercultural professional and business communication, English for special purposes, genre analysis and pragmatics. She is author and co-author of over 200 publications. Several research articles were published in high ranking journals, including Heliyon, Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, Journal of Language and Education, among others.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, заведующая кафедрой английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета, главный редактор научно-исследовательского журнала «Профессиональная коммуникация: актуальные вопросы языкознания и методики обучения». Ее научные интересы сосредоточены на дискурс-анализе, социокогнитивной лингвистике, в особенности на исследованиях профессионального дискурса, теории и практики межкультурного профессионального и делового общения, английского языка для специальных целей, жанрового анализа и прагматики. Она является автором и соавтором более 200 публикаций, среди которых статьи в высокорейтинговых журналах, включая Heliyon, Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, Journal of Language and Education и др.</p></bio><email>shiryaevat@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-6150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages of MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia. She is also Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Language and Education. Her areas of interest include discourse analysis, sociocognitive linguistics, and psycholinguistics. She conducts research in the field of English for specific purposes, genre analysis, pragmatics, and academic writing. She has authored numerous articles in high-impact international journals. She is a member and lecturer of the Association of Scientific Editors and Publishers (ASEP).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры иностранных языков МГИМО МИД России. Является заместителем главного редактора международного научно-исследовательского журнала Journal of Language and Education. Сфера ее научных интересов - дискурс-анализ, социокогнитивная лингвистика, психолингвистика. Реализует исследования в сфере английского языка для специальных целей, жанрового анализа, прагматики, академического письма. Опубликовала ряд статей в высококвартильных международных журналах. Является членом и лектором Ассоциации научных редакторов и издателей (АНРИ).</p></bio><email>etihonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pyatigorsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пятигорский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>543</fpage><lpage>569</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Monogarova A.G., Shiryaeva T.A., Tikhonova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Моногарова А.Г., Ширяева Т.А., Тихонова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Monogarova A., Shiryaeva T., Tikhonova E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Monogarova A.G., Shiryaeva T.A., Tikhonova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Моногарова А.Г., Ширяева Т.А., Тихонова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Monogarova A., Shiryaeva T., Tikhonova E.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36169">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36169</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the spread of the new virus has been accompanied by the growing infodemic that became a dangerous prospect for Internet users. Social media and online messengers have been instrumental in making fake stories about Covid-19 viral. The lack of an efficient instrument for classifying digital texts as true or fake is still a big challenge. Deceptive content and its specific characteristics attract attention of many linguists, making it one of the most popular contemporary topics in corpus-based research. This paper explores the language of viral Covid-related fake stories and identifies specific linguistic features that distinguish fake stories from real (authentic) news using quantitative and qualitative approaches to text analysis. The study was conducted on the material of the self-compiled diachronic corpus containing Russian misleading coronavirus-related social media posts (a target corpus of 897 texts) which were virally shared by Russian users through social media platforms and mobile messengers from March 2020 to March 2022 and the reference corpus containing genuine materials about the virus. First, we compared two corpora using an interpretable set of features across language levels to find whether there is evidence of significant variation in the language of fake and real news. Then, we focused on frequency profiling to extract other over-represented groups of words from both corpora. Finally, we analyzed the corresponding contexts to indicate whether these features can be considered as linguistic trends in Russian Covid-related fake story making. Findings regarding the role of these over-represented groups of words in fake narratives about coronavirus revealed efficiency of frequency profiling in indicating lexical patterns of the language of deception.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">С самого начала пандемии Covid-19 в 2020 году распространение нового вируса сопровождалось нарастанием инфодемии, в результате которой Интернет-пользователи получали огромное количество ложной и потенциально опасной информации. Социальные сети и онлайн-мессенджеры сыграли важную роль в транслировании различных фейковых сообщений о Covid-19. Отсутствие эффективного инструмента обнаружения текстов, содержащих дезинформацию, по-прежнему является серьезной проблемой. Интересным видится рассмотрение специфических характеристик подобного контента с позиций корпусной лингвистики. Цель настоящей статьи - на основе изучения русскоязычных текстов вирусных фейковых историй о Covid-19 определить ключевые языковые черты, отличающие подобные истории от аутентичных новостей, а также выявить лексические особенности языка фейков. Исследование проводилось на материале составленного авторами диахронического корпуса русскоязычных фейков о Covid-19 (целевой корпус, состоящий из 897 текстов), распространяемых российскими пользователями через социальные сети и мобильные мессенджеры в период с марта 2020 по март 2022 года, а также референтного корпуса, в текстах которого представлена подтвержденная факт-чекинговыми организациями информация о коронавирусе. В качестве первого шага мы сравнили представленность различных лингвистических особенностей в целевом и референтном корпусах. Кроме того, мы извлекли из целевого корпуса несколько высокочастотных групп слов и проанализировали соответствующие контексты ложных нарративов, чтобы сделать вывод о том, можно ли рассматривать данные лексические группы в качестве специфических характеристик языка фейковых новостей. Полученные результаты позволяют выделить ключевые лексико-грамматические и стилистические различия фейковых историй и верифицированных новостей о Covid-19, а также демонстрируют эффективность корпусного подхода к выявлению лексических паттернов языка дезинформации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Covid-19</kwd><kwd>fake story</kwd><kwd>infodemic</kwd><kwd>disinformation</kwd><kwd>frequency profiling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Covid-19</kwd><kwd>фейк</kwd><kwd>инфодемия</kwd><kwd>дезинформация</kwd><kwd>анализ частотности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ahmed, Hadeer. 2017. Detecting Opinion Spam and Fake News Using n-Gram Analysis and Semantic Similarity. University of Ahram Canadian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ahmed, Hadeer, Issa Traore &amp; Sherif Saad. 2018. 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