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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36168</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-35048</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LDUKRP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The image of Russia through animal metaphors: A diachronic case study of American media discourse</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Зооморфные метафоры в моделировании образа России: диахронический анализ американского медиадискурса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-7267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Habil. in Philology, Professor at the Department of Linguistics and Translation of the Institute of Linguistics and International Communications, South Ural State University (national research university). Her research interests include metaphor studies, discourse analysis, diachronic linguistics, and linguistic political prognostics.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры лингвистики и перевода института лингвистики и международных коммуникаций Южно-Уральского государственного университета (национального исследовательского университета). Сфера ее научных интересов включает метафорологию, дискурсологию, диахроническую лингвистику и лингвополитическую прогностику.</p></bio><email>o-solopova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4620-8181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nilsen</surname><given-names>Don</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нильсен</surname><given-names>Дон</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Dean of Arizona State University’s (ASU) Emeritus College’s Division of the Humanities, a co-founder of the International Society for Humor Studies (ISHS), a co-winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of Applied and Therapeutic Humor Association (AATH). Since his retirement from ASU’s English Department in 2011, he has taught courses for the Arizona State University Honors College, Osher, New Adventures, New Frontiers, Sagewood, Stonegate, Sun City, Friendship Village, and the Arizona Humanities Council. His research interests include humor studies, metaphor studies, cultural linguistics, and comparative research.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель декана отделения гуманитарных наук Почетного колледжа Университета штата Аризона, учредитель Международного сообщества исследования юмора, лауреат премии за выдающиеся достижения Ассоциации прикладного и терапевтического юмора. Преподавал в университетах и колледжах различных штатов Америки. В сферу его научных интересов входят юмор, лингвокультурология, метафорология, сопоставительные исследования.</p></bio><email>don.nilsen@asu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4404-7084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nilsen</surname><given-names>Alleen</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нильсен</surname><given-names>Эллин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arizona State University’s (ASU) Assistant Vice President for Personnel, a co-founder of the International Society for Humor Studies (ISHS), a co-winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of Applied and Therapeutic Humor Association (AATH). Since her retirement from ASU’s English Department in 2011, she has taught courses for the ASU Honors College, Osher, New Adventures, New Frontiers, Sagewood, Stonegate, Sun City, Friendship Village, and the Arizona Humanities Council. Her research interests include humor studies, metaphor studies, cultural linguistics, and comparative research.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>помощник вице-президента по персоналу Университета штата Аризона, соучредитель Международного сообщества исследования юмора, лауреат премии за выдающиеся достижения Ассоциации прикладного и терапевтического юмора. Преподавала в университетах и колледжах различных штатов Америки. Ее научные интересы включают юмор, лингвокультурологию, метафорологию и сопоставительные исследования.</p></bio><email>don.nilsen@asu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South Ural State University (national research university)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Arizona State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Штата Аризона</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>521</fpage><lpage>542</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Solopova O.A., Nilsen D., Nilsen A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Солопова О.А., Нильсен Д., Нильсен Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Solopova O., Nilsen D., Nilsen A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solopova O.A., Nilsen D., Nilsen A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солопова О.А., Нильсен Д., Нильсен Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Solopova O., Nilsen D., Nilsen A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36168">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/36168</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The image of a country has a critical impact on the degree of its political, economic and cultural influence in the world. This indicates a need to understand various perceptions of a country that exist among other nations and mechanisms of their formation and change in an ever-shifting world. This qualitative case study seeks to examine the changing nature of wild animal metaphors employed to model the image of Russia in American media discourse in the XIX-XXI centuries. The study is limited by two source domains, namely, the beast and the bear. They were analyzed within particular contexts: American English, culture and media discourse. The research data were drawn from dictionaries and corpora. The dictionaries included etymological and explanatory entries, as well as those covering idioms, symbols, and metaphors. The corpora research data were collected from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and Chronicling America, a collection of historic digitalized texts. A total of 218 metaphors were selected from 4929 texts. The metaphors were studied through lexicographic, conceptual metaphor, culture-specific, corpus, discourse, and diachronic methods. The findings of this study suggest that the two metaphors “Russia is a beast” and “Russia is a bear” are frequently used in realizing the strategy of ‘othering’ in XXI century American media discourse. Still, their meanings allowed for variation and modification in the periods of the two countries’ amity and cooperation. In the XIX century and in the years of US-Soviet alliance in WWII the metaphors could evoke positive images of Russia, thus, realizing the strategy of ‘bridging’ or ‘belonging’. The contribution of this study has been to confirm that, whatever metaphorical projections exist in language and culture, historical factors determine choices in any sample of discourse. This could be important for understanding the mechanisms involved in modeling the image of modern Russia in foreign media discourses.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Образ государства влияет на позиционирование страны в мировом сообществе. Актуальность исследования связана с необходимостью понимания механизмов формирования этого образа и факторов, обусловливающих его трансформацию в условиях постоянно меняющегося мира. Цель исследования - выявить особенности эволюции концептуальных метафор, используемых для репрезентации образа России в американском медиадискурсе XIX-XXI вв. В статье мы ограничились двумя зооморфными метафорами со сферами-источниками «зверь» и «медведь». Смыслы, транслируемые метафорами, анализируются на материале американского английского в рамках американской лингвокультуры и медиадискурса. Источниками материала послужили авторитетные словари: этимологические, толковые, идиоматические, словари символов и метафор и корпусы текстов: СОСА - Корпус современного американского английского языка и Chronicling America - корпус исторических оцифрованных текстов. Общее количество метафор, отобранных из 4929 текстов, составляет 218 единиц. Для анализа языкового материала привлекаются метод метафорического моделирования, лексикографический, лингвокультурный, корпусный, дискурсивный и диахронический методы. Результаты исследования показали, что в современном дискурсе рассмотренные зооморфные метафоры реализуют отрицательные смыслы, закрепленные в языке и культуре, и транслируют смыслы чуждости и инаковости. Однако те же метафорические единицы способны развивать дополнительные оценочные коннотации в исторических условиях геополитической дружбы и сотрудничества двух государств. В дискурсе XIX в. и в период союзничества во время Второй мировой войны метафоры моделируют положительный образ России, включают государство в круг «своих», нивелируя различия, существующие между странами. Исследование динамики метафор может дать результаты, важные для понимания особенностей моделирования образа современной России в зарубежном медиадискурсе, поскольку они свидетельствуют о прямой зависимости этого образа, смыслов и коннотаций метафор от экстрадискурсивного контекста.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>conceptual metaphor</kwd><kwd>animal source domain</kwd><kwd>country image</kwd><kwd>image of Russia</kwd><kwd>American media discourse</kwd><kwd>diachronic approach</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>концептуальная метафора</kwd><kwd>зооморфная метафора</kwd><kwd>образ государства</kwd><kwd>образ России</kwd><kwd>американский медиадискурс</kwd><kwd>диахронический подход</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allan, Kathryn. 2008. Metaphor and Metonymy: A Diachronic Approach. 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