<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35195</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-31015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OLUYFD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Research on word stress in Iranian languages by Soviet and Russian scholars</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование словесного ударения в иранских языках советскими и росcийскими учеными</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-9581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Владимир Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor Habil. of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Iranian Philology at the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University. His publications include numerous articles, authored and edited monographs, papers in conference proceedings on a wide range of issues related to Iranian languages in the field of experimental phonetics, syntax, morphology, phraseology, etc.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой иранской филологии Института стран Азии и Африки Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова. Автор многочисленных публикаций по широкому кругу вопросов, связанных с иранскими языками, в сфере экспериментальной фонетики, синтаксиса, морфологии, фразеологии и др.</p></bio><email>iranorus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-2058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silanteva</surname><given-names>Liubov G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силантьева</surname><given-names>Любовь Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student and Assistant Professor of the Department of Iranian Philology at the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Her research interests embrace Iranian languages, experimental phonetics (especially prosody, stress and accent with the use of electroglottograph), sociolinguistics, language contacts, as well as theory and practice of teaching foreign languages</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, старший преподаватель кафедры иранской филологии Института стран Азии и Африки Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова. К сфере её научных интересов относятся иранские языки, экспериментальная фонетика (в первую очередь, изучение просодии и ударения с использованием электроглоттографа), социолингвистика, языковые контакты, теория и практика преподавания иностранных языков.</p></bio><email>lyubovsilantieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO2 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №2 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>392</fpage><lpage>417</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ivanov V.B., Silanteva L.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Иванов В.Б., Силантьева Л.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Ivanov V., Silanteva L.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov V.B., Silanteva L.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов В.Б., Силантьева Л.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Ivanov V., Silanteva L.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/35195">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/35195</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">In recent years, considerable material has been accumulated in the field of experimental studies of Iranian languages, including the works by Soviet and Russian scholars, enabling us to make new generalizations regarding the acoustic characteristics of word stress as part of the problem of speech recognition. The study of Iranian languages has been rather uneven: most of the acoustic studies focused on Persian, and only a few covered other 11 languages described in this article. In addition, most of these studies have been published in Russian and therefore remain unknown to the wide international linguistic community. The purpose of the article is to sum up the achievements of Soviet and Russian scholars regarding the acoustic properties of the stressed syllable in Iranian languages. Different views of Soviet, Russian and foreign authors were compared. A number of positions with weak points in reasoning were screened out, and the most well-reasoned ones adopted as the most probable traits of word stress in Iranian languages. Tonal stress was found in Mazandarani, Persian and Tajik; quantitative - in Dari (Afghanistan), Sarikoli and theoretically in Rushani; multicomponental - in Abyanei, Gavruni, Gilaki, Pashto, and Wakhi. Ossetic is likely to have quantitative stress, but statistical proof hasn’t been found yet. Apparently, the overall situation reveals that tonal and quantitative stress types are typical for many Iranian languages. Dynamic stress is found in several languages, but only as a part of multicomponental one; and spectral stress is the rarest feature. The results achieved could be used in automated transcription and speech recognition services.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">За последние десятилетия в сфере экспериментальных фонетических исследований иранских языков, проведённых в том числе советскими и российскими учеными, был накоплен значительный материал, позволяющий сделать новые обобщения относительно акустических характеристик ударения как важной составляющей процесса распознавания речи. Иранские языки исследованы крайне неравномерно: основная часть акустических исследований проводилась на материале персидского языка, и лишь в некоторых из них рассматриваются другие 11 языков, описываемых в данной статье. Кроме того, большая часть данных исследований опубликована на русском языке и в этой связи практически неизвестна широкому лингвистическому сообществу за рубежом. Цель данной работы заключается в обобщении трудов российских лингвистов по акустическим характеристикам ударного слогоносителя в иранских языках. На основе обработки русскоязычной научной литературы по иранским языкам, в которой упоминаются акустические характеристики ударных слогов, и сопоставления различных точек зрения, в том числе и зарубежных авторов, были обнаружены и отсеяны работы со слабой аргументационной базой, а на основании наиболее аргументированных - выделены наиболее вероятные признаки словесного ударения в иранских языках. Тоническое ударение было обнаружено в мазандеранском, персидском и таджикском языках; квантитативное - в афганском дари, сарыкольском и теоретически в рушанском; многокомпонентное - в абьянеи, в гявруни, гилякском, пушту и ваханском. Осетинское ударение близко к квантитативному, но это не подтверждено статистически. Судя по ситуации в целом, тоническое и квантитативное ударение типичны для многих иранских языков. Динамическое ударение обнаруживается в нескольких языках, но только как часть многокомпонентного; спектральное является наиболее редким. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке программного обеспечения для автоматического перевода и распознавания речи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iranian languages</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>glottographic analysis</kwd><kwd>pitch frequency</kwd><kwd>duration</kwd><kwd>intensity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иранские языки</kwd><kwd>ударение</kwd><kwd>глоттографический анализ</kwd><kwd>частота основного тона</kwd><kwd>длительность</kwd><kwd>интенсивность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abolhasanizadeh, Vahideh, Mahmood Bijankhan &amp; Carlos Gussenhoven. 2012. The Persian pitch accent and its retention after the focus. Lingua 122 (13). 1380-1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.06.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bagaev, Nikolay K. 1965. Sovremennyi Osetinskii Yazyk. Chast' I (fonetika i morfologiya) [Modern Ossetian. Part I (Phonetics and Morphology)]. Ordzhonikidze: Severo-osetinskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bolinger, Dwight L. 1958. A theory of pitch accent in English. Word 14, 2-3. 109-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1958.11659660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Dzakhova, Veronika T. 2010. Ob osetinskom udarenii [About Ossetian stress]. Vestnik RGGU. Literaturovedenie. Yazykoznanie. Kul'turologiya 9 (52)/12. 9-26. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Dzakhova, Veronika T. 2014. Realizatsiya slovesnogo udareniya vo fraze (na materiale analiza prostykh povestvovatel'nykh predlozhenii osetinskogo yazyka) [Implementation of word stress in a phrase (based on the analysis of simple declarative sentences in the Ossetian language)]. Vestnik KalmGU 4 (24). 31-40. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Grünberg, Alexander L. &amp; Ivan M. Steblin-Kamenskii. 1976. Vakhanskii yazyk. Teksty. Slovar'. Grammaticheskii ocherk [The Wakhi language. Texts. Vocabulary. Grammar essay]. Moscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoi literatury. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. 1972. O persidskom slovesnom udarenii (Opyt eksperimental'nogo issledovaniya) [About Persian word stress (Experimental research experience)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 13. Vostokovedenie 2. 83-91. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. 1988. Udarenie v dari (etap analiza) [Dari stress (analysis stage)]. Aktual'nye problemy stroya iranskikh yazykov. Moscow: MSU. 27-41. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. 2001. Prosodic reduction of vowels in Pashto. Issledovaniya po iranskoi filologii 3. Moscow: Moscow State University, Department of Iranian Philology. 5-17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. 2011. Udarenie v yazyke seleniya Abiane [Stress in the language of Abyane village]. Leksika. Etimologiya. Yazykovye Kontakty. K Yubileyu Doktora Filologicheskikh Nauk, Professora Dzhoi Iosifovny Edel'man. Moscow: Institute of Linguistics RAS, Thesaurus. 176-182. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. 2012. Sintez prosodicheskikh modelei v yazyke dari [Synthesis of Prosodic Models in Dari]. Rechevye tekhnologii. Moscow: Narodnoe obrazovanie. 29-45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanov, Vladimir B. &amp; Liubov G. Silanteva. 2019. Akustiko-glottograficheskii analiz vakhanskogo udareniya [Acoustic-glottographic analysis of Wakhi stress]. Mir Nauki, Kul'tury, Obrazovaniya 6 (79). Gorno-Altaisk. 525-527. https://doi.org/10.24411/1991-5497-2019-10224 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Kalbasi, Iran. 2009. A Descriptive Dictionary of Linguistic Varieties in Iran. Tehran, Institute for Humanities and cultural studies. 1-893.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Khaskashev, Talbak N. 1983. Foneticheskaya Priroda Slovesnogo Udareniya v Sovremennom Tadzhikskom Literaturnom Yazyke [Phonetic Nature of Word Stress in Modern Tajik Literary Language]. Dushanbe, Donish. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Khaskashev, Talbak N. 2001. Stanovlenie i razvitie normy tadzhikskogo literaturnogo proiznoshenia [Formation and development of Tajik literary pronunciation]. Dushanbe, Irfon. 1-407. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ladefoged, Peter &amp; Ian Maddieson. 1996. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford &amp; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Lecoq, Pierre. 1974. Le dialecte d'Abyāne [Abyanei dialect]. Studia Iranica 3. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes. 51-63. (In Fr.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Natel Khanlari, Parviz. 1958. [The Metrics of Persian Poetry]. Tehran. دكتر پرويز ناتل خانلری. وزن شعر فارسی. چاپخانه دانشگاه، تهران، ١٣٣٧ (In Pers.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ostrovski, Boris Y. 1994. Uchebnik yazyka dari. Chast' I [Manual of Dari language. Part I]. Moscow, Nauka. 1-372. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pakhalina, Tatyana N. &amp; Bogsho B. Lashkarbekov. 2000. Vakhanskii yazyk [The Wakhi language]. Yazyki Mira: Iranskie Yazyki. 3. Vostochnoiranskie Yazyki. Moscow: Indrik. 174-186. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Polyakov, Konstantin I. 1988. Persidskaya Fonetika. Opyt Sistemnogo Issledovaniya [Persian Phonetics. System Research Experience]. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Rastorgueva, Vera S. 1999a. Mazanderanskii yazyk [The Mazandarani language]. Yazyki Mira: Iranskie Yazyki. 2. Severo-zapadnye Iranskie Yazyki. Moscow: Indrik. 125-135. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Rastorgueva, Vera S. 1999b. Gilyanskii yazyk [The Gilaki language]. Yazyki Mira: Iranskie Yazyki. 2. Severo-zapadnye Iranskie Yazyki. Moscow: Indrik. 112-125. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Rastorgueva, Vera S., Aza A. Kerimova, Ahmed K. Mamedzade, Lija A. Pireiko &amp; Dzhoi I. Edel’man. 1971. Gilyanskii Yazyk. [The Gilaki Language]. Moscow: Nauka. 1-321. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Rastorgueva, Vera S., Aza A. Kerimova, Ahmed K. Mamedzade, Lija A. Pireiko &amp; Dzhoi I. Edel’man. 2012. The Gilaki Language. English translation editing and expanded content by Ronald M. Lockwood. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8419-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Reformatskii, Aleksandr A. 2001. Vvedenie v yazykovedenie [Introduction to linguistics]. Moscow: Aspect Press. 1-536. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Roach, Peter. 2002. English Phonetics and Phonology. A Practical Course. Cambridge University Press. 1-283.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Sadat-Tehrani, Nima. 2011. The intonation patterns of interrogatives in Persian. Linguistic Discovery 9 (1). 105-136. https://doi.org/10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.389</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Sokolova, Valentina S. 1953. Ocherki po Fonetike Iranskikh Yazykov: Osetinskii, Yagnobskii, Pamirskie Yazyki [Essays on Phonetics of the Iranian Languages: Ossetian, Yaghnobi, Pamir Languages]. Moscow, Leningrad. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Sokolova, Valentina S., Rozaliya L. Nemenova, Yuliya I. Bogorad, Vladimir A. Livshits &amp; A. I. Farkhadyan. 1952. Novye svedeniya po fonetike iranskikh yazykov [New Data on Phonetics of the Iranian Languages]. Trudy Instituta yazykoznaniya 1. Moscow. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Zinder, Lev R. 1979. Obshchaya Fonetika [General Phonetics]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>BSE (Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia) [Great Soviet Encyclopedia]. Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia. Retrieved from https://slovar.cc/enc/bse/2051261.html</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Zabān-hā-ye irāni [Iranian languages]. Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/زبان%E2%80%8Cهای_ایرانی</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
