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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30641</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-26443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structural and semantic congruence of Bulgarian, Russian and English set expressions: Contrastive-typological research</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурный и смысловой изоморфизм и алломорфизм болгарских, русских и английских устойчивых выражений: опыт сопоставительно-типологического исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrova</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврова</surname><given-names>Наталия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Doctor Habil., Associate Professor at the English Phonetics and Lexicology Department of the Institute of Foreign Languages</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор филологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры фонетики и лексики английского языка</bio><email>na.lavrova@mpgu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozmin</surname><given-names>Alexandr O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козьмин</surname><given-names>Александр Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">PhD, is Associate Professor at the Department of English No3, School of International Journalism</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка № 3 факультета международной журналистики</bio><email>a.kozmin@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Pedagogical State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 26, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 26, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Lavrova N.A., Kozmin A.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Лаврова Н.А., Козьмин А.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Lavrova N., Kozmin A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lavrova N.A., Kozmin A.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаврова Н.А., Козьмин А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Lavrova N., Kozmin A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/30641">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/30641</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The main aim of the research is to analyze the degree of isomorphism and allomorphy (congruence) of set expressions in three languages - Bulgarian, Russian and English, and to highlight the main factors that have a bearing on the typological affinity of set expressions in these languages. The procedure of the research was two-fold. At the first stage, 4000 idioms were selected from Russian, Bulgarian and English idiomatic dictionaries through the method of random sampling (1334 idioms were selected from each language). For the sake of convenience and comparison, the selected idioms were divided into 5 thematic groups. At the second stage, 850 idioms were further selected for each group through stratified and quota sampling with the aim of subsequent quantification of recurrent keywords in each group. In order to quantify the number of the most frequent keywords in each group and to measure the prevalence of assonance and alliteration, the SPSS software was utilized. The results of the research revealed that the main factors that determine isomorphism and allomorphy among idioms from Bulgarian, Russian and English are (1) typological affinity between Bulgarian and English, (2) genetic kinship, (3) borrowings from English into Russian and Bulgarian and (4) from Russian into Bulgarian, (5) shared idiomatic stock and (6) such extralinguistic factors as the universal makeup of objects and entities, for instance, the same number of functional parts. The research results are relevant for comparative phraseology, areal and contrastive typology as well and for contactology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность исследования обусловлена взаимообогащением разных лингвокультур устойчивыми выражениями, отражающими особенности культуры и быта определённой лингвокультуры. Проблема исследования заключается в мнимой межъязыковой эквивалентности многих устойчивых выражений, которые на смысловом и концептуальном уровне обнаруживают культурно-семантические компоненты, отсутствующие в словарных источниках. Изучение фразеофонда в сопоставительно-типологическом аспекте позволяет на контрасте показать общие и различные аспекты языковой и понятийной картин мира определенной лингвокультуры. Цель исследования - установить степень изо- и алломорфизма устойчивых выражений в русском, болгарском и английском языках, а также проанализировать факторы, которые влияют на степень типологического сходства устойчивых выражений в трех языках. Исследование проводилось в два этапа. На первом этапе материалом исследования послужило 4000 устойчивых выражений, отобранных методом случайной выборки из болгарских, русских и английских словарей устойчивых выражений (по 1334 фразеологизма из каждого словаря). В сопоставительных целях отобранные идиомы были поделены на 5 лексико-тематических групп. На втором этапе методом стратифицированной и квотной выборки в каждую группу было отобрано по 850 идиом. Для подсчета частотности опорных слов в составе устойчивых выражений использовалась программа статистической обработки данных SPSS. Результаты исследования обнаружили, что основными факторами, которые влияют на степень изоморфизма и алломорфизма между идиомами из трех анализируемых языков, являются (1) типологическое сходство и (2) генетическое родство между болгарским и русским языками, (3) заимствования из английского в болгарский и русский, (4) заимствования из русского в болгарский, (5) общий фразеофонд и (6) некоторые экстралингвистические факторы, например, наличие определенного количества функциональных частей предметов. Результаты исследования вносят вклад в сопоставительную фразеологию, ареальную и контрастивную типологию и контактологию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cross-cultural congruence</kwd><kwd>idioms</kwd><kwd>cultural connotation</kwd><kwd>typology</kwd><kwd>Bulgarian</kwd><kwd>English</kwd><kwd>Russian languages</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>межъязыковой изоморфизм</kwd><kwd>идиомы</kwd><kwd>культурная коннотация</kwd><kwd>типология</kwd><kwd>болгарский</kwd><kwd>английский</kwd><kwd>русский языки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arakin, Vladimir. 2005. A Comparative Typology of Russian and English. Moscow: FIZMATLIT Publishing house. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bagasheva, Alexandra. 2017. Cultural conceptualisations of MOUTH, LIPS, TONGUE and TEETH in Bulgarian and English. 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