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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27484</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-789-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Trump, memes and the Alt-right: Emotive and affective criticism and praise</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трамп, мемы и альтернативные правые: эмоциональная критика и похвала</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-4891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Way</surname><given-names>Lyndon C.S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уэй</surname><given-names>Линдон К.С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>communications and media lecturer at the University of Liverpool. His area of research is analysing relations between (digital) popular culture and politics through the lens of multimodal critical discourse studies. He has co-/edited a number of publications on music and digital popular culture as multimodal political discourse, written a monograph on Turkish music and politics (Bloomsbury 2018) and another entitled Analysing Politics and Protest in DigitalPopular Culture (Sage 2021).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподает теорию коммуникации и СМИ в Ливерпульском университете. Область его исследований - анализ отношений между (цифровой) популярной культурой и политикой через призму мультимодальных исследований критического дискурса. Он является редактором и соредактором ряда изданий о музыке и цифровой популярной культуре как мультимодальном политическом дискурсе, автором монографии о турецкой музыке и политике (Bloomsbury, 2018), а также монографии Analysing Politics and Protest in Digital Popular Culture («Анализируя политику и протест в цифровой популярной культуре») (Sage 2021).</p></bio><email>lyndon.way@liverpool.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Liverpool</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ливерпульский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Emotionalisation of Media Discourse</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Emotionalisation of Media Discourse</issue-title><fpage>789</fpage><lpage>809</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Way L.C.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Уэй Л.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Way L.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Way L.C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уэй Л.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Way L.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/27484">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/27484</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Internet memes are the most pervasive and malleable form of digital popular culture (Wiggins 2019: vii). They are a way ‘a society expresses and thinks of itself’ (Denisova 2019: 2) used ‘for the purpose of satire, parody, critique …to posit an argument’ (Wiggins 2019, see also Ponton 2021, this issue). The acts of viewing, creating, sharing and commenting on memes that criticise or ‘troll’ authority figures have become ‘central to our political processes… becom[ing] one of the most important forms of political participation and activism today’ (Merrin 2019: 201). However, memes do not communicate to us in logical arguments, but emotionally and affectively through short quips and images that entertain. Memes are ‘part of a new politics of affectivity, identification, emotion and humour’ (Merrin 2019: 222). In this paper, we examine not only what politics memes communicate to us, but how this is done. We analyse memes, some in mainstream social media circulation, that praise and criticise the authoritarian tendencies of former US President Donald Trump, taken from 4Chan, a home of many alt-right ideas. Through a Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies approach, we demonstrate how images and lexical choices in memes do not communicate to us in logical, well-structured arguments, but lean on affective and emotional discourses of racism, nationalism and power. As such, though memes have the potential to emotionally engage with their intended audiences, this is done at the expense of communicating nuanced and detailed information on political players and issues. This works against the ideal of a public sphere where debate and discussion inform political decisions in a population, essential pillars of a democratic society (Habermas 1991).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Интернет-мемы - самая распространенная и гибкая форма цифровой поп-культуры (Wiggins 2019). Это способ, которым «общество выражает себя и думает о себе» (Denisova 2019: 2), используемый для сатиры, пародии, критики, для выдвижения аргумента (Wiggins 2019, Ponton 2021 и др.). Акты просмотра, создания, обмена и комментирования мемов, которые критикуют или «троллят» авторитетных деятелей, занимают ключевую позицию в современных политических процессах, превратились в одну из наиболее важных форм политического участия и активности (Merrin 2019: 201). Однако мемы несут информацию не через логические аргументы, а эмоционально и аффективно с помощью коротких шуток и забавных изображений. Мемы являются частью новой политики идентификации, аффективности, эмоций и юмора (Merrin 2019: 222). В данной статье исследуется не только то, что политические мемы передают, но и как они это делают. В ней анализируются мемы, широко распространенные в социальных сетях, которые восхваляют и критикуют авторитарные тенденции бывшего президента США Дональда Трампа, взятые на сайте 4Chan, продвигающего идеи альтернативных правых. Через мультимодальный подход к критическому дискурс-анализу показано, как дискурсы расизма, национализма и власти строятся при помощи мультимодальных средств эмоциональности, а не при помощи логических и хорошо структурированных аргументов. Отмечается, что, хотя мемы обладают потенциалом эмоционального взаимодействия с целевой аудиторией, это взаимодействие достигается через коммуникативные нюансы и передачу подробной информации о политических игроках. Это противоречит идеалу публичной сферы, в которой дебаты и дискуссии определяют политические решения населения и являются основой демократического общества (Habermas 1991).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies</kwd><kwd>criticisms</kwd><kwd>praise</kwd><kwd>memes</kwd><kwd>affect</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мультимодальные исследования критического дискурса</kwd><kwd>критика</kwd><kwd>похвала</kwd><kwd>мемы</kwd><kwd>эмоции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abousnnouga, Gill &amp; David Machin. 2010. Analyzing the language of war monuments. Visual Communication 9 (2). 131-149.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Allbeson, Tom &amp; Allan Stuart. 2019. The War of Images in the Age of Trump. In Catherine Happer, Andrew Hoskins &amp; William Merrin (eds.), Trump’s Media War, 69-84. 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