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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27193</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-27193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The conceptual semantics of “money” and “money verbs”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концептуальная семантика «денег» и «денежных глаголов»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-2855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goddard</surname><given-names>Cliff</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годдард</surname><given-names>Клифф</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AU">Australia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cliff GODDARD is Professor of Linguistics at Griffith University and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities. He has published widely on semantics, ethnopragmatics and language description. His latest books are Ten Lectures on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (2018, Brill) and Minimal Languages in Action (2021, Palgrave).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор лингвистики в Гриффитском университете (Австралия), автор многочисленных трудов в области описательной и теоретической семантики, этнопрагматики и описания языка. Его новейшие публикации – монографии “Ten Lectures on Natural Semantic Metalanguage” (Brill, 2018) и “Minimal Languages in Action” (Palgrave, 2021). Он также опубликовал книгу “Words and Meanings: Lexical Semantics across Domains, Languages &amp; Cultures” (OUP, 2014) в соавторстве с Анной Вежбицой. Является членом Австралийской академии гуманитарных наук.</p></bio><email>c.goddard@griffith.edu.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-7865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Wierzbicka</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вежбицкая</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AU">Australia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna WIERZBICKA is Professor of Linguistics (Emerita) in the School of Literature, Languages, and Linguistics at Australian National University. Her work spans a number of disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, cognitive science, philosophy and religious studies as well as linguistics, and has been published in many journals across all these disciplines. She has published over twenty books, including Imprisoned in English (2014, Oxford University Press, 2014) and What Christians Believe: The story of God and people in Minimal English (2019, Oxford University Press). Professor Wierzbicka is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, the Australian Academy of Social Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is the winner of the International Dobrushin Prize for 2010 and of the Polish Science Foundation’s 2010 prize for the humanities and social sciences.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор (эмерит) Института литературы, языкoв и лингвистики Австралийского национального университета. Ее научные интересы охватывают целый ряд дисциплин, включая антропологию, психологию, философию и религиоведение, а также лингвистику. Ею опубликовано большое количество статей в журналах по данным направлениям, а также более двадцати книг, включая: “English: Meaning and Culture” (2006), “Imprisoned in English” (2014), “What Christians Believe: The story of God and people in Minimal English” (2019) и «Во что верят христиане? История Бога и людей» (2021). Она член Австралийской академии гуманитарных наук, Австралийской академии общественных наук, Российской академии наук, Польской академии знаний.</p></bio><email>anna.wierzbicka@anu.edu.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-5104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farese</surname><given-names>Gian Marco</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фарезе</surname><given-names>Джиан Марко</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gian Marco FARESE (PhD) is a tenure-track researcher and lecturer in English linguistics in the Department of Language Mediation and Intercultural Communication at the University of Milan, Italy. His research interests include the language-culture interface, cross-linguistic semantics, intercultural pragmatics, translation studies, linguistic anthropology and cognitive linguistics. He is the author of two monographs and several peer-reviewed articles in international journals of linguistics.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник и преподаватель кафедры языковой медиации и межкультурной коммуникации Миланского университета (Италия). В сферу его научных интересов входят взаимодействие языка и культуры, кросскультурная семантика, межкультурная прагматика, переводоведение, лингвистическая антропология и когнитивная лингвистика. Он автор ряда статей и глав в коллективных монографиях, а также книг “The Cultural Semantics of Address Practices” (2010) и “Italian Discourse. A Cultural Semantic Analysis” (2019).</p></bio><email>gianmarco.farese@unimi.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Griffith University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гриффитский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Australian National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Австралийский национальный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Milan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Миланский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 26, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 26, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-18"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Goddard C., Wierzbicka A., Farese G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Годдард К., Вежбицкая А., Фарезе Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Goddard C., Wierzbicka A., Farese G.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goddard C., Wierzbicka A., Farese G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Годдард К., Вежбицкая А., Фарезе Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Goddard C., Wierzbicka A., Farese G.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/27193">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/27193</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The central purpose of this study is to apply the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) method of semantic-conceptual analysis to the word ‘money’ and to related “economic transaction” verbs, such as ‘buy’, ‘sell’ and ‘pay’, as used in everyday English. It proposes semantic explications for these words on the basis of conceptual analysis and a range of linguistic evidence and taking account of lexical polysemy. Even in its basic meaning (in a sentence like ‘there was some money on the table’), ‘money-1’ is shown to be surprisingly complex, comprising about 35 lines of semantic text and drawing on a number of semantic molecules (such as ‘country’, ‘number’, and ‘hands’), as well as a rich assortment of semantic primes. This ‘money-1’ meaning turns out to be a crucial semantic molecule in the composition of the verbs ‘buy’, ‘sell’, ‘pay’, and ‘(it) costs’. Each of these is treated in some detail, thereby bringing to light the complex semantic relationships between them and clarifying how this bears on their grammatical properties, such as argument structure. The concluding section considers how NSM semantic-conceptual analysis can help illuminate everyday economic thinking and also how it connects with Humanonics, an interdisciplinary project which aims to “re-humanise” economics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель данного исследования – применить метод Естественного Семантического Метаязыка (ЕСМ) для семантико-концептуального анализа существительного «деньги» и связанных с ним глаголов, относящихся к «экономическим трансакциям», таких как ‘buy’ (покупать), ‘sell’ (продавать) и ‘pay’ (платить), употребляемых в бытовом английском языке. Он предполагает семантическую экспликацию этих слов посредством их концептуального анализа, с учетом их языкового употребления и лексической полисемии. Даже в своем первичном значении (в таких предложениях как «на столе лежали деньги») лексема ‘money-1’ (деньги-1) демонстрирует удивительную сложность, включая около 35 строк семантического текста и опираясь на ряд семантических молекул (таких как «страна», «число» и «руки»), а также богатый набор семантических примитивов. Выяснено, что значение ‘money-1’ выступает как ключевая семантическая молекула в структуре глаголов ‘buy’, ‘sell’, ‘pay’ ‘(it) costs’. Каждому из них дается детальное описание, благодаря чему выявлены сложные семантические отношения между ними и влияние, которое они оказывают на грамматические свойства глаголов. В заключительном разделе показано, как семантико-концептуальный анализ ЕСМ может пролить свет на бытовое экономическое сознание и показать его связь с междисциплинарным проектом “Humanonics”, направленном на «гуманизацию» экономики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>money, lexical semantics, commercial transaction verbs, semantic molecules, Natural Semantic Metalanguage, Humanomics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деньги, лексическая семантика, глаголы коммерческих сделок, семантические молекулы, Естественный Семантический Метаязык, гуманомика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Croft, William, Chiaki Taoka &amp; Esther J. Wood. 2001. Argument linking and the commercial transaction frame in English, Russian and Japanese. Language Sciences 23. 579–602.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cruse, D. Alan. 1986. Lexical Semantics. 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