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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-194-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The dynamics of political correctness, inclusive language and freedom of speech</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политическая корректность, инклюзивный язык и свобода слова: динамика понятий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontovich</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтович</surname><given-names>Ольга Аркадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor habil., is Professor and Chair of the Department of Intercultural Communication and Translation at Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University (Volgograd, Russia) and Professor of Tianjin Foreign Studies University (Tianjin, China). She has authored over 220 publications. Her research interests embrace communication studies, discourse analysis, cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics and intercultural communication</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, заведующая кафедрой межкультурной коммуникации Волгоградского государственного социально-педагогического университета (ВГСПУ); профессор Тяньцзиньского университета иностранных языков (г. Тяньцзинь, КНР). Автор более 220 публикаций. Основные сферы научных интересов - теория коммуникации, дискурс-анализ, лингвокультурология, социолингвистика, межкультурная коммуникация.</p></bio><email>olgaleo@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный социально-педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tianjin Foreign Studies University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тяньцзиньский университет иностранных языков</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO1 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №1 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>220</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Leontovich O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Леонтович О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Leontovich O.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leontovich O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонтович О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Leontovich O.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/26004">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/26004</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The study aims to research the historical dynamics of the notions ‘political correctness’, ‘inclusive language’ and ‘freedom of speech’, as well as to reveal the mechanisms and new tendencies of their realization in public discourse. The sources of practical material are represented by: a) 126 journal and Internet articles; b) 12 speeches of famous US and British politicians, scholars and celebrities reflecting the notions under study. The leading methods include critical discourse analysis, definition and contextual analyses. The research indicates that during its long and contradictory history, the term ‘political correctness’ had both positive and negative connotations. When the negative attitude started to prevail, it was replaced by the notions ‘inclusion’ and ‘inclusive language’ based on similar mechanisms: ban on the use of offensive terms denoting different aspects of people’s identity; avoidance of stereotypes and false semantic associations; abundant use of euphemisms, etc. The paper reveals the new trends in the English language (non-binary expression of gender; changes in the conceptualization of race, age and disability) and social practices meeting the requirements of inclusive communication. Whereas political correctness and inclusive language aim to protect vulnerable social groups and improve the social climate, they produce certain undesirable tendencies: breach between social groups caused by inefficient communication; reverse racism; complex relationship of political correctness with science, literature and education; its speculative use; and restrictions on freedom of speech. The study also sheds light on the problems of politically correct intercultural communication caused by the non-stop language change, differences in social norms, values, grammatical structures, semantics, and cultural associations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель данного исследования, проведенного на материале английского языка, - рассмотреть историческую динамику понятий «политическая корректность», «инклюзивный язык» и «свобода слова», а также выявить механизмы и новейшие тенденции их реализации в социуме. Источники практического материала - 126 публицистических статей и 12 речей известных американских и британских политиков, ученых и деятелей культуры, так или иначе связанных с исследуемыми понятиями. В качестве ведущего научного метода выступает критический дискурс-анализ, в качестве вспомогательных - дефиниционный и контекстуальный анализ. Исследование показало, что на протяжении своей долгой и противоречивой истории понятие политической корректности имело как положительные, так и отрицательные коннотации. Пришедшее ему на смену понятие инклюзивного языка основано на сходных механизмах: исключении инвектив, относящихся к различным аспектам личностной идентичности; отказе от слов с нежелательными коннотациями и ассоциациями; избегании стереотипов; эвфемии; ложных семантических связях. Выявлены новые языковые тенденции (небинарный подход к отражению гендера; изменения в концептуализации расы, обозначении возраста и физического состояния личности) и коммуникативные практики, отвечающие требованиям инклюзивности. Хотя политическая корректность и инклюзивный язык направлены на защиту социально уязвимых групп населения и улучшение общественного климата, с ними связан ряд парадоксальных тенденций, вызывающих тревогу: глубокий водораздел между социальными группами, обусловленный неспособностью договориться о терминах и нормах коммуникации; развитие обратной дискриминации против белого населения; сложные отношения политической корректности с наукой, литературой и образованием; ограничение свободы слова. Обозначены сложности политически корректной межкультурной коммуникации, связанные с непрекращающейся эволюцией языка, различиями в культурных нормах и ценностных ориентациях, грамматическом оформлении и семантике языковых единиц, их ассоциативных связях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political correctness</kwd><kwd>inclusive language</kwd><kwd>freedom of speech</kwd><kwd>public discourse</kwd><kwd>communicative practices</kwd><kwd>intercultural communication</kwd><kwd>English language</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политическая корректность</kwd><kwd>инклюзивный язык</kwd><kwd>свобода слова</kwd><kwd>публичный дискурс</kwd><kwd>коммуникативные практики</kwd><kwd>межкультурная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>английский язык</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Иванова О.Ф. Политкорректность в России // Вестник Евразии. 2002. С. 62-71 [Ivanova, Olimpiada F. 2002. 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