<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25306</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-831-857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Predictors of correct interpretation of English and Bulgarian idioms by Russian speakers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы корректной интерпретации английских и болгарских идиом носителями русского языка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrova</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврова</surname><given-names>Наталия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Advanced Doctorate), Associate Professor, Department of English Phonetics and Lexicology, Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia. Research interests include neologisms, cognitive metaphor, linguistic contactology, areal typology.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры фонетики и лексики английского языка, ФГБОУ ВО «Московский педагогический государственный университет», Москва, Россия. Научные интересы: неологизмы, когнитивная метафора, лингвистическая контактология, ареальная типология</p></bio><email>na.lavrova@mpgu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Advanced Doctorate), Professor, Head of Department of English Phonetics and Lexicology, Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia. Research interests include English terminology and terminography, phraseology, discourse and cognitive linguistics.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фонетики и лексики английского языка, ФГБОУ ВО «Московский педагогический государственный университет». Научные интересы: лексикология и лексикография английского языка, терминология английского языка, терминография, фразеология и фразеография, проблемы дискурса, когнитивная лингвистика.</p></bio><email>ea.nikulina@mpgu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Pedagogical State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>831</fpage><lpage>857</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Lavrova N.A., Nikulina E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Лаврова Н.А., Никулина Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2020, Lavrova N., Nikulina E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lavrova N.A., Nikulina E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаврова Н.А., Никулина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Lavrova N., Nikulina E.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/25306">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/25306</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During intercultural communication, it is crucial to interpret correctly and to use appropriately foreign idioms which are culturally marked and reflect linguistic and cultural identity of a speech community. Interlocutors should be aware of the cultural and historical precedents that gave rise to the primary image underlying idiomatic expressions and thus created their unique phraseological worldview. The aim of the research is to find out what is a better predictor of correct idiom interpretation - degree of proficiency in a foreign language or degree of genealogical kinship between the native and foreign languages. The topicality of the research is justified by the need for a deeper understanding of linguistic and cultural identity of native and foreign-language speakers, with a view to facilitate and enhance cross-cultural communication. The working hypothesis is that due to the close genealogical kinship between Russian and Bulgarian and the users’ advanced level of English, the number of correctly interpreted idioms may vary within a statistically significant medium range. The total sample comprises 5000 idioms (2500 English and 2500 Bulgarian ones). The subsample used in the experiment comprises 60 idioms (30 English and 30 Bulgarian ones) selected from ‘The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms’ and ‘Nov fraseologichen rechnik na bylgarskiya jezik’ (‘Нов фразеологичен речник на българския език’) by means of stratified systematic sampling. The main methods used in the research include (1) comparative linguistic and cultural analyses, (2) scientific experimentation, (3) systematic and stratified sampling, and (4) a paired t-test. The experimental research and the paired t-test have proved our hypothesis and demonstrated that Russian participants correctly decode more Bulgarian than English idioms, with intergroup variation being statistically significant. Research findings have implications for cultural linguistics. Since translation loans (calques), isomorphic idioms, and idioms dating back to a common source are interpreted more quickly and more accurately than idioms which contain unique or culturally-loaded elements, such as old-fashioned words or proper names, access to cultural precedents that served as prototypes of set expressions contributes to a more seamless code-switching and enables communicants to penetrate deeper the mentality of a specific linguacultural community and thus become aware of the variability of cultural cognition and conceptualisation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В процессе межкультурной коммуникации существует проблема корректной интерпретации и адекватного употребления иноязычных идиом, обладающих национально-культурной маркированностью и отражающих лингвокультурную идентичность определенного этноса. Коммуникантам необходимо владеть той культурно-исторической информацией, которая на определенном этапе развития языка послужила источником внутренней формы устойчивых выражений, создав уникальную языковую картину мира. Цель статьи - установить, который из двух факторов - близкое генетическое родство между родным и незнакомым иностранным языком или владение иностранным языком на высоком уровне - является более адекватным предиктором корректной интерпретации иноязычных идиом. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью более глубокого понимания лингвокультурной идентичности представителей разных лингвокультур с целью обеспечения максимально комфортного и эффективного межкультурного общения. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что, учитывая близкое генетическое родство между болгарским и русским языками, а также высокий уровень владения русскоязычными студентами английским языком, количество правильно декодируемых идиом в болгарском и английском языках может некоторым образом различаться, однако статистические расхождения в ту или другую сторону не превышают средний показатель. Общий объем выборки составил 5000 устойчивых выражений (2500 английских и 2500 болгарских идиом). Материал экспериментальной части исследования включает подкорпус из 60 устойчивых выражений (30 идиом из болгарского и 30 идиом из английского языка), отобранных с помощью стратифицированной систематической выборки из словаря ‘The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms’ и ‘Нов фразеологичен речник на българския език’. В качестве основных методов исследования используются (1) метод сопоставительного лингвокультурологического анализа, (2) метод лингвистического эксперимента, (3) метод систематической и стратифицированной выборки, (4) метод статистической обработки t-test для парных выборок. Результаты исследования показали, что русскоязычные студенты, изучающие английский язык на продвинутом уровне, правильно декодируют больше болгарских, чем английских идиом, при этом межгрупповая вариативность статистически значима. Полученные данные имеют лингвокультурологическую значимость. Поскольку процент корректной интерпретации ка́лек, изоморфных идиом и идиом, восходящих к общему источнику, превышает процент правильно интерпретированных идиом, содержащих уникальные компоненты, как, например, устаревшие слова или имена собственные, представляется, что знание определенных культурных прецедентов, послуживших источником или прототипом устойчивых выражений, проливает свет на языковую картину мира, способствует более плавному переключению с одного языкового кода на другой, помогает понять особенности менталитета определенного лингвокультурного сообщества и гетерогенность культурной когниции и концептуализации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>idiom</kwd><kwd>typology</kwd><kwd>cultural linguistics</kwd><kwd>Bulgarian</kwd><kwd>code-switching</kwd><kwd>false friends of an interpreter</kwd><kwd>isomorphism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиома</kwd><kwd>типология</kwd><kwd>лингвокультурология</kwd><kwd>болгарский язык</kwd><kwd>переключение кодов</kwd><kwd>ложные друзья переводчика</kwd><kwd>изоморфизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Antipova, Mariya A. &amp; Yana A. Matveeva. 2014. The international conference “Russian linguistics: A history and the present”. Slověne 3 (1). 221-223. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754. 2014.3.1.9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Baranov, Anatoli N. &amp; Dmitry Dobrovol'skij. 2014. Osnovi Frazeologii. Moscow, Russia: Flinta. [The basics of phraseology]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bilá, Magdaléna &amp; Svetlana Ivanova. 2020. Language, culture and ideology in discursive practices. Russian Journal of Linguistics 24 (2). 219-252. DOI: 10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-2-219-252</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Chrissou, Marios. 2018. Interlinguale Faktoren für die Erfassung des Lernschwierigkeitsgrads von Phrasemen des Deutschen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von DaF-Lernenden mit Griechisch als Muttersprache. Yearbook of Phraseology 9 (1). 111-136. DOI: 10.1515/phras-2018-0007. [Interlinguistic factors in the assessment of difficulty of learning German idioms by students of German as a foreign language with emphasis on native speakers of Greek]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Columbus, Georgie. 2013. In support of multiword unit classifications: Corpus and human rating data validate phraseological classifications of three different multiword unit types. Yearbook of Phraseology 4 (1). 23-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2013-0003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Cranmer, Robin. 2017. Intercultural communicative competence - a further challenge. Russian Journal of Linguistics 21 (4). 870-884. DOI: 10.22363/2312-9182-2017-21-4-870-884.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Deignan, Alice. 2005. Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam-Philadelphia, The Netherlands, US: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Dobrikova, Mária. 2008. On phraseological conception in the Slovak and Bulgarian languages. Slavica Slovaca 43 (1). 52-63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Fiedler, Sabine. 2007. English Phraseology. Leipzig: Gunter Narr Verlag Tübingen.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Floria, Boris N. 2017. The Slavic world and its destiny in the earliest epoch of its history according to the first redaction of the Chronicle by Marcin Kromer. Slověne 6 (1). 381-392.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Holandi, Rayna. 2009. Semantic relations in the comparative phraseological units in English and Bulgarian. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi XXII. URL: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/ article-file/153388. (Accessed on 15 June, 2020)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanova, Elena Yu. 2019. Contrastive analysis of Bulgarian and Russian syntax peculiarities. Slověne 8 (1). 554-563. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Keipert, Helmut. 2017. Conceptions of Church Slavonic. Slověne 6 (1). 8-75. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kuiper, Koenraad. 2013. Psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and phraseology. Yearbook of Phraseology 4 (1). 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2013-0001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Mitkovska Liljana, Eleni Bužarovska &amp; Elena Ju. Ivanova. 2017. Apprehensive-epistemic da-constructions in Balkan Slavic. Slověne 6 (2). 57-83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Mokienko, Valerij M. 2017. Psycholinguistic aspects of Slavic phraseology: “Slavofraz-2016”. Slověne 6 (1). 576-587.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Nelyubova, Natalia, Victoria Hiltbrunner &amp; Victor Ershov. 2019. The reflection of the hierarchy of values in the proverbial fund of the Russian and French languages. Russian Journal of Linguistics 23(1). 223-243. DOI: 10.22363/2312-9182-2019-I-223-243</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Podtergera, Irina A. 2015. What is language history? Slověne 4 (1). 394-455. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Polyvyannyy, Dmitry I. 2016. Bulgarian polemical literature in the confessional strife between Rome and Constantinople. Slověne 5 (2). 370-376. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2016.5.2.10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Saenko, Mikhail N. 2017. History of the semantics of the Proto-Slavic lexemes *edinŭ and *samŭ. Slověne 6 (1). 76-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Sharifian, Farzad. 2017. Cultural Linguistics. Amsterdam: Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing House, 2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Solano, Ramón M. &amp; Mária Kolářová. 2015. Phraseological loan translations in Bulgarian and in French: A cross-linguistic and cross-cultural study. Contrastive Linguistics 3. 9-31. DOI: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01646142</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Sosnowski, Wojciech P., Diana Blagoeva &amp; Roman Tymoshuk. 2018. New Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian phraseology and language corpora. Cognitive Studies. Études Cognitives 18. 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/cs</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Szerszunowicz, Joanna. 2015. Periodic growth of phrasemes from a cross-linguistic perspective: Polish phraseology after the political transformation of 1989. Yearbook of Phraseology 6 (1). 103-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Todorova, Bilyana B. 2019. Bulgarian-English code-switching in Internet forum communication: The BG-mamma case. Open Linguistics 5 (1). 121-135. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1515/opli-2019-0008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Todorova, Maria. 2015. On the automatic recognition of Bulgarian verb idioms. Paisievi Cheteniya. Plovdiv, Bulgaria. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 305328336_ON_THE_AUTOMATIC_RECOGNITION_OF_BULGARIAN_VERB_IDIOMS (Accessed on 15 June, 2020)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Urmanchieva, Anna Yu. &amp; Vladimir A. Plungian. 2017. The perfect in Old Church Slavonic: Was it resultative? Slověne 6 (2). 13-56. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.2.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Vashcheva, Irina Yu. &amp; Dmitry A. Koryakov. 2018. Medieval Bulgaria in the context of political imagology. Slověne 7 (2). 527-537. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.21</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Vinogradov, Andrey Yu. &amp; Anastasia S. Dobychina. 2018. “Erinyes and Maenads”. Who stood at the cradle of the new Bulgarian community in 1185-1186? Slověne 7 (1). 41-54. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.1.3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Waugh, Daniel C. 2019. The Great Turkes defiance revisited. Slověne 8 (1). 162-187. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. 2014. Imprisoned in English: The Hazards of English as a Default Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Zholobov, Oleg F. 2016. Notes on the word form je ‘is’ in Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic literature. Slověne 5 (1). 114-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Ankova-Nicheva, Keti. 1993. Nov Fraseologichen Rechnik na Bylgarskija Ezik. Sophia, Bulgaria: Izdatel’stvo universiteta Sv. Kliment Ochridskij. [New phraseological dictionary of Bulgarian].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Brown, Keith &amp; Sarah Ogilvie. 2009. Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Gurevich, Valery V. &amp; Jeanna A. Dozorets. 1988. Kratkij Russko-anglijskij Fraseologicheskij Slovar’ Moscow, Russia: Russkij Jazik. [A short Russian-English phraseological dictionary].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Kotova, Nandezhda &amp; Miroslav Janakijev. 2001. Grammatica Bolgarskogo Jazika dl’a Vladejusschich Russkim Jazikom Moscow, Russia: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta. [Grammar of Bulgarian for those who know Russian]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Leafgren, John. 2011. A Concise Bulgarian Grammar. URL: http://www.seelrc.org:8080/ grammar/pdf/stand_alone_bulgarian.pdf. (Accessed on 15 June, 2020.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Maslov, Yuri S. 1981. Grammatica Bolgarskogo Jazika. Moscow, Russia: Visschaja schkola. [Grammar of Bulgarian].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. 2004. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Pashova, Marinella. 2005. Bulgarian 4 Brits. Southampton, UK: Probmags Publishing.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Sabeva, Radost &amp; Zhana Zagorova. 2015. Speak Bulgarian Like a Native. Bulgarian Idioms in Context. Sophia: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Stepanov, Yuri S. 2016. Osnovi Obschego Yazikoznanija. Moscow, Russia: Lenand. [Introduction to general linguistics].</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
