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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25302</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-743-773</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Online incivility in times of Covid-19: Social disunity and misperceptions of tourism industry in Poland</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Невежливость в интернете на фоне Covid-19: социальная разобщенность и неверные представления о туристической индустрии в Польше</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopytowska</surname><given-names>Monika</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копытовска</surname><given-names>Моника</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>is Assistant Professor at the University of Lodz, the Department of Pragmatics. Her research interests revolve around media discourse and the pragma-rhetorical aspects of the mass-mediated representation of conflict, ethnicity, and religion. She has published internationally in linguistic journals and volumes (e.g. [ed.] Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and Genres, Benjamins, 2017, with Y. Kalyango [eds.] Languages, Cultures, Media, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, with C. Karner [eds.], National Identity and Europe in Times of Crisis, Emerald, 2017, with P. Chilton [eds.] Religion, Language and Human Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018). She is the Editor-in-Chief of Lodz Papers in Pragmatics (De Gruyter).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры прагматики Лодзинского университета, Польша. Область ее научных интересов - медиадискурс, прагмариторические аспекты освещения конфликтов, этничность и религия в СМИ. Является автором и соредактором ряда международных публикаций, среди которых: Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and Genres, Benjamins, 2017 (совместно с Y. Kalyango), Languages, Cultures, Media, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (совместно с C. Karner), National Identity and Europe in Times of Crisis, Emerald, 2017 (совместно с P. Chilton), Religion, Language and Human Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Является главным редактором журнала Lodz Papers in Pragmatics (издательство De Gruyter).</p></bio><email>monika.kopytowska@uni.lodz.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakowiak</surname><given-names>Radosław</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краковяк</surname><given-names>Радослав</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduated from the Academy of Hospitality, Catering Industry and Tourism in Warsaw. Currently employed as MICE Director at “Impuls” Travel. He has worked in tourism industry since 1999 specializing in incentive travel and event management.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>окончил Варшавскую академию гостеприимства, общественного питания и туризма. Работает в сфере туризма с 1999 года. Специализируется на корпоративном туризме и организации мероприятий. В настоящее время директор по деловому туризму в компании «Импульс» Трэвел.</p></bio><email>radoslaw.krakowiak@wp.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Lodz</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лодзинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Impuls Travel</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Туристическое агентство Impuls Travel</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>743</fpage><lpage>773</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kopytowska M., Krakowiak R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Копытовска М., Краковяк Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2020, Kopytowska M., Krakowiak R.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopytowska M., Krakowiak R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копытовска М., Краковяк Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Kopytowska M., Krakowiak R.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/25302">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/25302</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lockdowns and other counter-measures introduced by governments around the globe in the aftermath of the outbreak of coronavirus dealt a serious blow to tourism and the hospitality industry. Faced with bankruptcy and closure, tourism-related businesses raised the alarm and called for government support, which in turn triggered numerous comments from online audiences. Focusing on such online discourses and the incivility they abound with, the present article aims to address various aspects of the interface between the crisis, online communication and social polarization, as well as the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. We bring under scrutiny the response of the online public to appeals from the tourism industry, working on the assumption that these Internet comments, in terms of content and form, have been considerably shaped by three factors, namely (1) public perception of the tourism industry, (2) culture-related emotionality patterns, as well as (3) techno-discursive design and the resulting dynamics of communication within cyberspace. Adopting the Media Proximization Approach (MPA), together with the CDA perspective on discourse and representation, and drawing on insights from studies on online communication we analyze and discuss the corpus of online comments (53,043 words) following 21 articles on the crisis within the tourism industry in Poland published between 6 March and 23 June 2020. Our findings show that the response of the online public, which is predominantly negative and at times hostile, reflects the socio-political polarization in Poland, enhanced by the sense of threat to life and health as well as the scarcity of resources. Cyberspace and its technological affordances considerably affect solidarity and disunity dynamics through representational and interpersonal proximization, enabling creation and perpetuation of stereotypes along with values and emotions. Acting as proximization triggers, nomination, predication and argumentation strategies both reflect and shape knowledge and axiological preferences, which constitute an integral part of the construction of social reality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Самоизоляция и иные ограничительные меры, введенные по всему миру после вспышки коронавируса, нанесли серьезный удар по индустрии туризма и гостиничному бизнесу. Туристические компании, столкнувшиеся с банкротством и последующим закрытием, выразили обеспокоенность и призвали власти оказать им поддержку, что, в свою очередь, вызвало многочисленные комментарии в сети. В данной статье анализируются подобного рода онлайн-дискурсы и многочисленные проявления невежливости, рассматриваются различные аспекты взаимосвязи между кризисом, онлайн-коммуникацией и социальной поляризацией, а также между конститутивной и конституируемой природой дискурса. Мы внимательно изучили реакцию онлайн-аудитории на обращения туристической индустрии исходя из предположения, что эти интернет-комментарии с точки зрения формы и содержания в значительной степени сформированы тремя факторами, а именно (1) общественным восприятием туристической индустрии, (2) культурно-эмоциональными особенностями, а также (3) техно-дискурсивным дизайном и соответствующей динамикой коммуникации в киберпространстве. Опираясь на концепцию проксимизации в СМИ, положения критического дискурс-анализа и результаты исследований онлайн-коммуникации, мы проанализировали корпус онлайн-комментариев, состоящий из 53043 слов, и 21 статью о кризисе туристической индустрии Польши за период с 6 марта по 23 июня 2020 года. Наши результаты показали, что реакция онлайн-общественности, которая является преимущественно негативной, а иногда и враждебной, отражает социально-политическую поляризацию в Польше, усиленную ощущением угрозы жизни и здоровью, а также нехваткой ресурсов. Киберпространство и его технологические возможности существенно влияют на динамику как солидарности, так и разобщенности через репрезентативную и межличностную близость, позволяющую создавать и закреплять стереотипы наряду с ценностями и эмоциями. Выступая в качестве инструментов проксимизации, стратегии номинации, предикации и аргументации отражают и формируют знания и аксиологические предпочтения, которые играют важную роль в конструировании социальной реальности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>online discourse</kwd><kwd>online incivility</kwd><kwd>cyberspace</kwd><kwd>Media Proximization Approach</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>tourism industry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интернет-дискурс</kwd><kwd>невежливость в интернете</kwd><kwd>киберпространство</kwd><kwd>концепция проксимизации в СМИ</kwd><kwd>туристическая индустрия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baider, Fabienne &amp; Monika Kopytowska. 2017. Conceptualising the Other: Online discourses on the current refugee crisis in Cyprus and in Poland. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 13 (2). 203-233. 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