<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21772</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-3-681-697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tourist Notices in the Spotlight  of Linguistic Landscape and Translation Studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Туристические уведомления в контексте изучения языкового ландшафта и переводоведения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilá</surname><given-names>Magdaléna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Била</surname><given-names>Магдалена</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor at the Institute of British and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, The University of Prešov in Prešov, Slovak Republic. Her research interests include comparative and contrastive studies (juxtaposing English and Slovak), discourse analysis and translation studies (conceptualization in a source and a target language).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор Института британистики и американистики Прешовского университета в Прешове, Словакия. Сферы научных интересов: компаративные и контрастивные исследования (сопоставление английского и словацкого языков), дискурс-анализ и переводоведение (концептуализация языка-источника и языка перевода).</p></bio><email>magdalena.bila@unipo.sk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaňková</surname><given-names>Ingrida</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванькова</surname><given-names>Ингрида</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor at the Institute of British and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, The University of Prešov in Prešov. Her research interests include comparative and contrastive studies (English and Slovak lexicology, phraseology, and word formation), text herme- neutics, and translation studies.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент Института британистики и американистики Прешовского университета в Прешове, Словакия. Сферы научных интересов: компаративные и контрастив- ные исследования (английская и словацкая лексикология, фразеология и словообразование), текстовая герменевтика и переводоведение</p></bio><email>ingrida.vankova@unipo.sk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Prešov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Прешовский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 23, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 23, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>681</fpage><lpage>697</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Bilá M., Vaňková I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Била М., Ванькова И.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2019, Bilá M., Vaňková I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bilá M., Vaňková I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Била М., Ванькова И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Bilá M., Vaňková I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/21772">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/21772</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the 21st century, even local tourist spots are globally accessible and need to be communicated in a globally shared language, a lingua franca (Ben-Rafael &amp; Ben Rafael 2015). The language of most obvious choice among speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds is English. When translating notices in national parks into English, translators should predominantly consider the function of the TT (target text), the target audience (not exclusively L1 speakers of English but, the speakers of a variety of languacultures communicating in English as lingua franca (ELF) and opt for translation solutions that would account for visitors representing a diversity of languacultures. The present paper aims at finding out what modifications in translation of visitors’ rules may be necessary if the target readership is to be considered, and at explicating the translation process through applying a transdisciplinary perspective of ELF studies, linguistic landscape (LL) studies, cross-field studies on conceptualization, translanguaging and translation studies. The study shows that these modifications affect the significance and hierarchy of the four principles operating in LL (presentation-of-self, power-relations, good reasons and collective-identity) and are projected into specific LL-tailored translation solutions (shifts in modality, lexis, style and discourse markers). The modifications are achievable in ELF, which, as a form and function, a de-regionalized and de-culturalized artifact of global village, is capable of catering for a variety of languacultures with their specific societal conventions, practices, and the whole explicit and implicit axio-sphere.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В XXI веке даже локальные туристические места доступны всему миру, и о них следует писать на глобальном языке - lingua franca (Ben-Rafael &amp; Ben Rafael 2015). Наиболее очевидным выбором для носителей разных лингвокультур является английский язык. При переводе на английский язык уведомлений в национальных парках переводчикам следует обращать особое внимание на функцию целевого текста, целевую аудиторию (не только носителей английского языка, но и тех, кто использует его как lingua franca) и стремиться к переводческим решениям, приемлемым для носителей разных лингвокультур. Цель настоящей статьи - определить, как следует модифицировать переводы уведомлений для туристов, учитывая целевую аудиторию, и эксплицировать процесс перевода, используя междисциплинарный подход, объединяющий представителей изучения языка как lingua franca, исследователей концептуализации, многоязычия и переводоведения. Исследование показывает, что эти модификации влияют на значимость и иерархию четырех принципов, применяемых при изучении языкового ландшафта (самопрезентации, отношения власти, здравого смысла и коллективной идентичности) и определяют переводческие решения (переключение модальности, выбор лексики, стиля и дискурсивных маркеров). Модификации доступны при использовании английского языка как lingua franca, который, будучи формой и функцией, артефактом глобальной деревни, не привязанным к определенному региону, способен удовлетворять потребности разных лингвокультур, с их устоями, практиками и системой ценностей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linguistic landscape</kwd><kwd>multilingualism</kwd><kwd>translanguaging</kwd><kwd>English as lingua franca</kwd><kwd>linguaculture</kwd><kwd>conceptualization</kwd><kwd>translating</kwd><kwd>translation solutions</kwd><kwd>lingua franca</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>языковой ландшафт</kwd><kwd>многоязычие</kwd><kwd>английский язык</kwd><kwd>лингвокуль- тура</kwd><kwd>концептуализация</kwd><kwd>перевод</kwd><kwd>переводческие решения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The present research has been conducted within the authors’ research activities in the following project: KEGA 007PU-4/2019 entitled Defining a writing style of scholarly papers written in English vs. Slovak/Slavic languaculture conventions.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aristova, Nataliya (2016). English translations in the urban linguistic landscape as a marker of an emerging global city: The case of Kazan, Russia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 231, 216-222. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.094.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Backhaus, Peter (2007). Linguistic landscapes: A comparative study of urban multilingualism in Tokyo. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Barni, Monica and Carla Bagna (2015). The critical turn in LL: New methodologies and new items in LL. Linguistic Landscape, an international journal, 1, 1-2, 6-18, doi: 10.1075//ll.1.1-2.0bar.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ben-Rafael, Eliezer and Miriam Ben-Rafael (2015). Linguistic landscapes in an era of multiple globalizations. In: Linguistic Landscape, an international journal, 1, 1-2, 19- 37. doi: 10.1075/LL.1.1-2.02ben.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ben-Rafael, Eliezer; Elana Shohamy, Muhammad Amara and Nira Trumper-Hecht (2006). Linguistic Landscape as Symbolic Construction of the Public Space: The Case of Israel. In: Gorter, D. (Ed.) Linguistic Landscape. A New Approach to Multilingualism. Buffalo, Toronto: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 7-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Bilá, Magdaléna, Alena Kačmárová and Ingrida Vaňková (2015). Adopting cross- disciplinary perspectives in constructing a multilingual’s identity. Human Affairs: a postdisciplinary journal for humanities &amp; social sciences. 25 (4), 430-442. doi: 10.1515/humaff-2015-0035.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Bilá, Magdaléna, Alena Kačmárová and Ingrida Vaňková (2017). What is behind the compiling of a dictionary for a bilingual user? Evolving nature of the English Language: Studies in theoretical and applied linguistics. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 201-209.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Blommaert, Jan (1996). Language planning as a discourse on language and society: the linguistic ideology of a scholarly tradition. Language Problems and Language Planning, 20 (3), 199-222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Burr, Vivien (2003). Social constructionism. London: Routledge.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Canagarajah, Suresh (2007). The Ecology of Global English. International Multilingual Research Journal, 1:2, 89-100. doi: 10.1080/15257770701495299.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Danesi, Marcel (1992). Metaphorical competence in second language acquisition and second language teaching: The neglected dimension. In: Alatis, J. (Ed.), Georgetown University round table on language and linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 189-500.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ferenčík, Milan (2012). English in the Glocalized World: English Language Profile of a Local Linguistic Landscape from a Pluriparadigmatic Perspective. In: Language, literature and culture in a changing transatlantic world II: part I: linguistics, translation and cultural studies. Prešov: Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov, 36-57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ferenčík, Milan (2015). Construction of private space in an urban semioscape: a case study in the sociolinguistics of globalisation. Human Affairs: a postdisciplinary journal for humanities &amp; social sciences, 25 (4), 365-379. doi: 10.1515/humaff-2015-0029.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Giora, Rachel (1997). Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis. Cognitive Linguistics, 8 (3), 183-206. doi: 10.1515/cogl.1997.8.3.183</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Giora, Rachel (2003). On Our Mind: Salience context and figurative language. New York: OUP.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Gnutzmann, Claus (2000). Lingua franca. In Byram, M. (ed.). 2004. Routledge encyclopedia of language teaching and learning. London: Routledge, 356-359.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Gorter, Durk and Cenoz, Jasone (2015). Translanguaging and linguistic landscapes. Linguistic Landscape, an international journal, 1 (1-2), 54-74. doi: 10.1075/ll.1.1-2.04gor.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gorter, Durk (2006). The Study of the Linguistic Landscape as a New Approach to Multilingualism. In: Gorter, D. (Ed.) Linguistic Landscape A New Approach to Multilingualism. (Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto: Multilingual Matters LTD. 1-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Habermas, Jürgen (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Polity Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Heller, Monica (2003). Globalization, the new economy and the commodification of language. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7 (4), 473-492. doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 9841.2003.00238.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Hülmbauer, Cornelia, Heike Böhringer and Barbara Seidlhofer (2008). Introducing English as a lingua franca (ELF): Precursor and partner in intercultural communication. Synergies Europe (3), 25-36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Jenkins, Jennifer (2009). English as a Lingua Franca: interpretations and attitudes. World Englishes. 28 (2), 200-207. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-971X2009.01582.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Kačmárová, Alena (2012). Multikulturalita a jej sociálny rozmer. In: Jazyk a kultúra: internetový časopis Lingvokulturologického a prekladateľsko-tlmočníckeho centra excelentnosti pri Filozofickej fakulte Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove [online], 2 (5). Available at: http://www.ff.unipo.sk/jak/5_2011/kacmarova.pdf.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Kačmárová, Alena, Magdaléna Bilá and Ingrida Vaňková (2018). The conceptualizing of conceptualization (of Linguistics Metalanguage). Prešov: FF PU. Available at: http://www.pulib.sk/web/ kniznica/elpub/dokument/Kacmarova6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kasanga, Luanga Adrien (2012). Mapping the linguistic landscape of a commercial neighbourhood in Central Phnom Penh. In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33 (6), 553-567. doi:10.1080/01434632.2012.683529.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kecskes, Istvan and Tunde Papp (2000). Foreign language and a mother tongue. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Koskinen, Kaisa (2012). Linguistic Landscape as a Translational Space: The Case of Hervanta, Tampere. In: Vuolteenaho, Ameel, L., Newby, A. &amp; M. Scott (eds.) Language, Space and Power: Urban Entanglements. Studies across Disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences 13. Helsinki: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, 73-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Landry, Rodrigue and Richard Y Bourhis (1997). Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality an empirical study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16 (1), 23-49. doi: 10.1177/0261927X970161002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, Sebastian (2017). Russian language abroad: viewing language through the lens of commodification. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 21 (3), 463-492. doi: 10.22363/2312- 9182-2017-21-3-463-492.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Newmark, Peter (1988). A Textbook of Translation. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo: Prentice Hall.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Nord, Christiane (2005). Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-oriented Text Analysis. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, B. V.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Papen, Uta (2012). Commercial discourses, gentrification and citizens’ protest: The linguistic Landscape of Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 16 (1), 56-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2011.00518.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlenko, Aneta (2017). Linguistic landscape and other sociolinguistic methods in the study of Russian language abroad. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 21 (3), 493-514. doi: 10.22363/2312-9182-2017-21-3-493-514.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Pym, Anthony (2016). Translation Solutions for Many Languages. Histories of a flawed dream. Bloomsbury academic.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Reh, Mechthild (2004). Multilingual writing: A reader-oriented typology - with examples from Lira Municipality (Uganda). International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 170, 1-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Ricoeur, Paul (2000). Čas a vyprávění I. [Narrative Time I.]. Praha: Oikomenh.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Šarcevic, Susan (2000). New Approach To Legal Translation. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Schneiderová, Anna (2013). In: Ďuricová, A. (ed.). Od textu k prekladu VIII. Klasifikácia právnych textov a problematika prekladu. Praha: Jednota tlumočníků a překladatelů, 96- 110.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Shohamy, Elana, Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Monica Barni (eds.) (2010). Linguistic Landscape in the City. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Synge, Hugh (2004). European Models of Good Practice in Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Velasco, Patricia and Ofelia García (2014). Translanguaging and the writing of bilingual learners. Bilingual Research Journal: The Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education, 37 (1), 6-23. doi: 10.1080/15235882.2014.893270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Wei, Li (2011). Moment analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics, 43 (5), 1222- 1235, doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.07.035.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Widdowson, Henry G. (2003) Defining issues in English language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Yelenevskaya, Maria and Larisa Fialkova (2017). Linguistic landscape and what it tells us about the integration of the Russian language into Israeli economy. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 21 (3), 557-586. doi: 10.22363/2312-9182-2017-21-3-557-492.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
