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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19348</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9182-2018-22-3-581-604</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN SEMANTICS: For Anna Wierzbicka’s anniversary</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: к юбилею Анны Вежбицкой</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>语义学研究：为纪念安娜-维尔兹比卡</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Semantics of Logical Connectors: therefore, moreover and in fact</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Семантика логических коннекторов: therefore, moreover и in fact</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Jock Onn</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вонг</surname><given-names>Джок Онн</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">lecturer at the Centre for English Language Communication, National University of Singapore, where he teaches semantics, pragmatics, and academic writing. His research interests include semantics, pragmatics, language and culture, English Language teaching, Singapore English and Anglo English. He has written a number of papers on Singapore English, Anglo English and English language teaching. His book, ‘The Culture of Singapore English’ (2014, Cambridge University Press), discusses how Singapore English reflects Singaporean meanings, values and other world views. He believes that when one learns a language, one should go beyond grammar and understand the meanings and culture it is associated with.</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">преподает семантику, прагматику и академическое письмо в центре Коммуникации английского языка в Национальном университете Сингапура. В сферу его научных интересов входят семантика, прагматика, язык и культура, преподавание английского языка, сингапурский английский, англо-саксонский английский. Его публикации включают работы по сингапурскому английскому, англо-саксонскому английскому и преподаванию английского языка. В своей книге ‘The Culture of Singapore English’ (2014, Cambridge University Press) он рассматривает, как в данном варианте английского языка отражены сингапурская языковая картина мира, а также значения и ценности. Он придерживается мнения о том, что в изучении языка важно не только овладевать грамматикой, но и стремиться к пониманию культуры.</bio><email>jockonn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National University of Singapore Centre for English Language Communication</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный университет Сингапура</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Studies in semantics: for Anna Wierzbicka’s anniversary</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Семантические исследования: к юбилею Анны Вежбицкой</issue-title><fpage>581</fpage><lpage>604</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Wong J.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Вонг Д.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2018, Wong J.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Wong J.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вонг Д.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Wong J.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/19348">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/19348</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">When teaching English words, teachers and textbooks may place more emphasis on 'content' words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) than on words that contribute to the 'textual' aspect of English, such as logical connectors. A consequence is that even if a student has some mastery of grammar and the use of 'content' words, they may not be able to produce cohesive texts or construct logical relations. Teaching the meanings of logical connectors is not easy, and the traditional use of synonyms and examples of use are not always helpful. Using synonyms in English or supposedly equivalents in the student's first language is not ideal because the student may end up understanding the word from the perspective of another word or, worse, another language. Using examples of use may be helpful to a certain extent but this method does not spell out the invariant meaning of the logical connector in question and the student is expected to draw their own conclusions on the basis of a few examples. To overcome such pedagogic obstacles, some scholars advocate the use of a maximally clear and minimally ethnocentric metalanguage, the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM), to capture word meaning. In this paper, the NSM methodology, founded by Anna Wierzbicka, is used to capture the meaning of three logical connectors, therefore , moreover and in fact for English language teaching purposes.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В работе над английской лексикой учителя и учебники уделяют больше внимания ‘содержательным’ словам (существительным, глаголам, прилагательным, наречиям), чем словам, участвующим в создании ‘текстового’ аспекта английского языка, таким как логические коннекторы. Следствием этого становится то, что, даже если студент имеет определенный уровень владения грамматикой и использования содержательных слов, он может не уметь производить связные тексты и строить логические связи. Объяснить значения логических коннекторов в преподавании нелегко, и традиционное использование синонимов и примеров употребления здесь не всегда помогает. Использование английских синонимов или возможных эквивалентов в родном языке студентов может привести к тому, что они станут понимать это слово с позиции другого слова или, что еще хуже, с позиции другого языка. Использование примеров до определенной степени может быть полезным, но этот метод не объясняет инвариантного значения логического коннектора, и при этом студент должен сам сделать выводы на основе нескольких примеров. С целью преодоления таких препятствий в процессе преподавания некоторые ученые предлагают использовать для объяснения значения слов максимально понятный и наименее этноцентричный метаязык - Естественный Семантический Метаязык (ЕСМ). В этой статье подход ЕСМ, основанный Анной Вежбицкой, используется для толкования значения трех логических коннекторов английского языка therefore (тем не менее) , moreover (более того) и in fact (фактически) с целью преподавания.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>logical connectors</kwd><kwd>therefore</kwd><kwd>moreover</kwd><kwd>in fact</kwd><kwd>natural semantic metalanguage</kwd><kwd>academic writing</kwd><kwd>language pedagogy</kwd><kwd>therefore</kwd><kwd>moreover</kwd><kwd>in fact</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>логические коннекторы</kwd><kwd>естественный семантический метаязык</kwd><kwd>академическое письмо</kwd><kwd>методика преподавания иностранных языков</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allan, K. (1986). Linguistic Meaning, Volume 1. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Carter, R. A. (1987). 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