<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19345</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9182-2018-22-3-521-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN SEMANTICS: For Anna Wierzbicka’s anniversary</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: к юбилею Анны Вежбицкой</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>语义学研究：为纪念安娜-维尔兹比卡</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anna Wierzbicka, Semantic Decomposition, and the Meaning-Text Approach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анна Вежбицкая, семантическое разложение и подход «Смысл-Текст»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel’čuk</surname><given-names>Igor A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельчук</surname><given-names>И А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Professor Emeritus at the University of Montreal, Canada, the author of 47 books and 279 published scientific papers. His research interests include general linguistics (with special attention to its conceptual apparatus and terminology), semantics (with special attention to lexicology and lexicography), syntax (with special attention to dependency structures), and morphology; his work is based mostly on Russian and French, but concerns also English and several other languages (Hungarian, Lezghian, Alutor, Dyirbal, Bafia, Kirundi, Korean). He is the proponent of the MeaningText approach to natural language and one of the pioneers of Machine Translation-since 1954.</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">заслуженный профессор Монреальского университета (Канада), автор 47 книг и 279 научных статей. Его научные интересы включают общую лингвистику (в особенности ее понятийный аппарат и терминологию), семантику (в особенности лексикологию и лексикографию), синтаксис (в особенности структуры зависимостей) и морфологию. Работы И.А. Мельчука основываются, в первую очередь, на русском и французском языках, но затрагивают также английский и ряд других языков (венгерский, лезгинский, алюторский, бафия, рунди, корейский). И.А. Мельчук является автором лингвистического подхода «Смысл-Текст» и одним из пионеров машинного перевода - с 1954 года.</bio><email>igor.melcuk@umontreal.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte Université de Montréal</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория лингвистики «Смысл-Текст» Монреальский университет, Канада</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Studies in semantics: for Anna Wierzbicka’s anniversary</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Семантические исследования: к юбилею Анны Вежбицкой</issue-title><fpage>521</fpage><lpage>538</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Mel’čuk I.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Мельчук И.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2018, Mel’čuk I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mel’čuk I.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельчук И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Mel’čuk I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/19345">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/19345</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The paper aims to demonstrate that the main contribution of Anna Wierzbicka to linguistics is the idea of semantic decomposition - that is, representing meaning in terms of structurally organized configurations of simpler meanings - and a huge amount of specific decompositions of lexical meanings from many languages. One of possible developments of this idea of Wierzbicka’s is the Meaning-Text linguistic approach, and in particular - the Meaning-Text model of natural language. To illustrate the importance and fruitfulness of semantic decomposition, two Meaning-Text mini-models are presented for English and Russian. Two semantically equivalent sentences of these languages are considered: (1) a. Eng. A honeymooner was fatally attacked by a shark. ~ b. Rus. Molodožën pogib v rezul´tate napadenija akuly vo vremja medovogo mesjaca lit. ‘Young.husband died as result of.attack of.shark during honey month’ The formal representations of these sentences at four levels-Meaning-Text style-are shown: semantic, deep-syntactic, surface-syntactic, and deep-morphological. Examples of formal rules relating the representations of two adjacent levels are presented.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Цель статьи - показать, что главный вклад Анны Вежбицкой в лингвистику - это идея семантического разложения, т.е. представления смыслов в терминах структурированных конфигураций более простых смыслов, равно как и огромное количество конкретных разложений лексических значений различных языков. Одним из возможных развитий данной идеи является лингвистический подход «Смысл-Текст», в частности - модель «Смысл-Текст» естественного языка. В качестве иллюстрации важности и плодотворности семантического разложения предлагаются две минимодели «Смысл-Текст» - для английского и русского языков. Рассматриваются английская и русская семантически эквивалентные фразы: (1) a. Eng. A honeymooner was fatally attacked by a shark. ~ 1. Rus. Molodožën pogib v rezul´tate napadenija akuly vo vremja medovogo mesjaca. Для этих фраз приводятся формальные представления, принятые в модели «Смысл-Текст», на четырех уровнях: семантическом, глубинно-синтаксическом, поверхностно-синтаксическом и глубинно-морфологическом. Даются примеры формальных правил, соотносящих представления соседних уровней.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semantic decomposition</kwd><kwd>formal linguistic modeling</kwd><kwd>Meaning-Text approach</kwd><kwd>semantic representation</kwd><kwd>deep-/surface-syntactic and deep-morphological representations</kwd><kwd>linguistic rules</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семантическое разложение</kwd><kwd>формальное моделирование языков</kwd><kwd>подход «СмыслТекст»</kwd><kwd>семантическое представление</kwd><kwd>глубинно-/поверхностно-синтаксическое и глубинноморфологическое представления</kwd><kwd>языковые правила</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Apresjan, Jurij. (1974). Leksičeskaja semantika. Sinonimičeskie sredstva jazyka [Lexical Semantics. Synonymic Means of Language]. Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Apresjan, Yuri. (1992). Lexical Semantics. User’s Guide to Contemporary Russian Vocabulary. Ann Arbor, MI: KAROMA.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Apresjan, Jurij, ed. (2014). Aktivnyj slovar´ russkogo jazyka [Active Dictionary of Russian]. Avtory: V.Ju. Apresjan, Ju.D. Apresjan, E.È. Babaeva, O.Ju. Boguslavskaja, I.V. Galaktionova, M.Ja. Glovinskaja, B.L. Iomdin, T.V. Krylova, I.B. Levontina, A.A. Lopuxina, A.V. Ptencova, A.V. Sannikov, E.V. Uryson. Volumes 1-2. Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskoj kul´tury.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Apresyan, Yuri, Mel’čuk, Igor &amp; Žolkovsky, Alexander. (1969). Semantics and lexicography: Towards a new type of unilingual dictionary. In: F. Kiefer, ed., Studies in Syntax and Semantics, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Goddard, Cliff &amp; Wierzbicka, Anna. (2014). Words and Meanings. Lexical Semantics across Domains, Languages, and Cultures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Mel´čuk, Igor. (1974). Opyt teorii lingvističeskix modelej “Smysl Û Tekst”. Semantika, sintaksis [Outline of a Theory of Meaning-Text Linguistic Models. Semantics and Syntax]. Моscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2001). Communicative Organization in Natural Language. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2012a). Jazyk: ot smysla k tekstu [Language: From Meaning to Text]. Moskow: Jazyki slavjanskoj kul´tury.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2012b. Semantics: From Meaning to Text. Vol. 1. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2013). Semantics: From Meaning to Text. Vol. 2. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2015). Semantics: From Meaning to Text. Vol. 3. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor. (2016). Language: From Meaning to Text. Moskow/Boston: Academic Studies Press. Mel’čuk, Igor &amp; Zholkovsky, Alexander. (1984). Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian. Vienna: Wiener Slawistischer Almanach. See also: http://olst.ling.umontreal.ca/pdf/Melcuk_Zholkovsky_1984.pdf.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Mel’čuk, Igor´ &amp; Žolkovskij, Aleksandr. (2016). Tolkovo-kombnatornyj slovar´ russkogo jazyka. 2-oe izdanie, ispravlennoe. Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kul´tur.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Padučeva, Elena. (1996). Fenomen Anny Vežbickoj [Anna Wierzbicka’s Phenomenon]. In: Vežbickaja, Anna, Jazyk. Kul´tura. Poznanie, Moscow: Russkie slovari, 5-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (1972). Semantic Primitives. Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (1988). The Semantics of Grammar. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Wierzbicka, Anna. (1992). Semantics, Culture, and Cognition. Universal Human Concepts in Culture-Specific Configurations. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (2001). What Did Jesus Mean? Explaining the Sermon on the Mount and the Parables in Simple and Universal Human Concepts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (2014a). Imprisoned in English. The Hazards of English as a Default Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (2014b). Can there be common knowledge without a common language? German Pflicht versus English Duty. Common Knowledge, 21 (1), 140-171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna. (2018). Speaking about God in universal words, thinking about God outside English. In: Paul Chilton and Monika Kopytowska (eds.), Religion, Language, and the Human Mind, 19-51. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Wierzbicka, Anna (2018). Emotions of Jesus. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 22 (1), 38-53. doi 10.22363/2312-9182-2018-22-1-38-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr. (1964a). Predislovie [Foreword]. Mašinnyj perevod i prikladnaja lingvistika, 8, 3-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr. (1964b). O pravilax semantičeskogo analiza [Rules for semantic analysis]. Mašinnyj perevod i prikladnaja lingvistika, 8, 17-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr. (1964c.) Leksika celesoobraznoj dejatel´nosti [Vocabulary of teleological activity]. Mašinnyj perevod i prikladnaja lingvistika, 8, 67-103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr, Leont´eva, Nina &amp; Martem´janov, Jurij. (1961). O principial´nom ispol´zovanii smysla pri mašinnom perevode [On an essential use of meaning in machine translation]. In: Mašinnyj perevod, vol. 2, Moscow: Institut točnoj mexaniki i vyčislitel´noj texniki AN SSSR, 17-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>NB: For English translations of Zholkovsky’s papers, see Rozencvejg, V. (ed.) (1974), Essays on Lexical Semantics, Stockholm: Skriptor; and Rozencvejg, V. (ed.) (1974), Machine Translation and Applied Linguistics, Frankfurt am Main: Athenaion Verlag.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr &amp; Mel´čuk, Igor´. (1965). O vozmožnom metode i instrumentax semantičeskogo sinteza [On a possible method and some tools of semantic synthesis]. Naučno-texničeskaja informacija, 5, 23-28.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr &amp; Mel´čuk, Igor´. (1966). O sisteme semantičeskogo sinteza. I. Stroenie slovarja [A system for semantic synthesis. I. The structure of the dictionary]. Naučno-texničeskaja informacija, 11, 48-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Žolkovskij, Аleksandr &amp; Mel´čuk, Igor´. (1967). O semantičeskom sinteze [On semantic synthesis]. Problemy kibernetiki, 19, 177-238.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
